Welcome to DU! The truly grassroots left-of-center political community where regular people, not algorithms, drive the discussions and set the standards. Join the community: Create a free account Support DU (and get rid of ads!): Become a Star Member Latest Breaking News General Discussion The DU Lounge All Forums Issue Forums Culture Forums Alliance Forums Region Forums Support Forums Help & Search

MineralMan

(146,286 posts)
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 02:52 PM Feb 2019

This Hearing Demonstrates One Thing Very, Very Well.

Republicans in the House of Representatives are largely a pack of doltish, ignorant blowhards. Rather than ask intelligent questions of the witness, they engage in bluster, campaign rhetoric, and pandering dialog that targets their loyal constituents.

They're not interested in substance. Instead, they're attempting to make the hearing about their own bloated egos.

They make quite a contrast with the cogent questions from the Democrats on the committee. Unfortunately, not that many people are watching the hearing, and will only see whatever soundbites come out of it.

70 replies = new reply since forum marked as read
Highlight: NoneDon't highlight anything 5 newestHighlight 5 most recent replies
This Hearing Demonstrates One Thing Very, Very Well. (Original Post) MineralMan Feb 2019 OP
Lies only matter when the pResident is out of the country? Didn't matter last week month year. IADEMO2004 Feb 2019 #1
They have yoked their fortunes to those of the president Politicub Feb 2019 #2
Apparently so. MineralMan Feb 2019 #4
K&R, they are VERY unprepared and didn't lock onto a theme till well into the Cohen's testimony. uponit7771 Feb 2019 #3
I'll be very interested to see what clips are used from this on MineralMan Feb 2019 #6
I do the same thing. llmart Feb 2019 #24
"Not everyone is as politically tuned in as we are here on DU." MineralMan Feb 2019 #31
They especially don't tune in or pay attention if it seems even a tiny bit "complicated". llmart Feb 2019 #35
let us know what they use My fav is "Republicans are doing the same thing I did, blindly follow Hamlette Feb 2019 #47
A bunch of meandering lapdogs trying to get their master's attention dalton99a Feb 2019 #5
Well, if they believe that Trump gives a damn about them, MineralMan Feb 2019 #7
Odd, isn't it? gratuitous Feb 2019 #8
McConnell and Ryan were running the show. MineralMan Feb 2019 #10
They aren't interested in substance because they don't have any. The Velveteen Ocelot Feb 2019 #9
Cohen's credibility comes from his having nothing more to lose. MineralMan Feb 2019 #13
The major impact on Trump will come from the State of New York. llmart Feb 2019 #28
I'm watching nm AmericanActivist Feb 2019 #11
I am not sure if you remember all the Nixon goings on...I don't remember all of it either..but asiliveandbreathe Feb 2019 #12
I do remember it all. I watched it all unfold. MineralMan Feb 2019 #14
I'm startled, shocked, saddened........... MyOwnPeace Feb 2019 #44
The republicans in the house we with him till the end. GulfCoast66 Feb 2019 #49
Republicans did not turn on Nixon True Blue American Feb 2019 #51
Sam Ervin was my hero. KY_EnviroGuy Feb 2019 #48
Jawarski!:) True Blue American Feb 2019 #52
Leon! You're shaking the cobwebs out, LOL. KY_EnviroGuy Feb 2019 #55
Remember the Raid Commercial? True Blue American Feb 2019 #58
Were you as involved with WG as this? I've read people say this is like WG but with another country uponit7771 Feb 2019 #63
Actually, I was more involved with the Watergate issue. MineralMan Feb 2019 #69
TRue, but if soundbites are all they hear at least there's some great soundbites coming from Cohen Amaryllis Feb 2019 #15
Most people are at work, so can't see it. Honeycombe8 Feb 2019 #16
Most of those people will see the soundbites this evening and MineralMan Feb 2019 #22
I actually think that has been the case over the decades. llmart Feb 2019 #32
How do we make them pay for their malfeasance. lancelyons Feb 2019 #17
This says very well and is Mira Feb 2019 #18
From my experience testifying as an expert witness Chalco Feb 2019 #19
The only Republican who asked anything interesting was Justin Amash... SKKY Feb 2019 #20
I think a lot are watching and/or... lame54 Feb 2019 #21
Well, Rachel fans will, for sure. MineralMan Feb 2019 #23
I'm out of town today so I am recording Nicolle Wallace and Rachel Maddow Hekate Feb 2019 #30
Watched the whole thing, so far (still in recess) cp Feb 2019 #25
And this kind of behavior impresses the hell out of their constituents. Kablooie Feb 2019 #26
Republicans are, for the most part, terrible people. Just terrible, terrible people. Garrett78 Feb 2019 #27
You'll get no argument from me on that point! MineralMan Feb 2019 #29
And of course Democrats in public office can't say that. However... Garrett78 Feb 2019 #41
Could deplorable possibly be the word we're searching for? KY_EnviroGuy Feb 2019 #53
While Republicans are deplorable, I think it's best to talk about this problem like it's a disease. Garrett78 Feb 2019 #65
They are protecting trump liberal N proud Feb 2019 #33
It is actually much worse than that vlyons Feb 2019 #34
Even if they didn't want to ask about Trump Laura PourMeADrink Feb 2019 #36
Dems never have acted that way during hearings elias7 Feb 2019 #66
Yes, watched the whole Kavenaugh deal. Repukes Laura PourMeADrink Feb 2019 #68
The little I saw this morning before hitting the road had me saying of the GOP: It was all a lie... Hekate Feb 2019 #37
Yes, a lie. MineralMan Feb 2019 #56
These questions kill me: dameatball Feb 2019 #38
If this were a rethugian being questioned by a Dem... Duppers Feb 2019 #43
I had a similar impression. Doremus Feb 2019 #39
Nicole Wallace on MSNBC just said Duppers Feb 2019 #40
Thanks. MineralMan Feb 2019 #54
So the Republicans could've sent only one person since they all parroted Jim Jordan and each other. Mr. Evil Feb 2019 #42
Their outrage about wasting time is hypercritial, thinking of Bengazi onlyadream Feb 2019 #45
I agree! Lifelong Protester Feb 2019 #57
Well said MM. kick and recommend bronxiteforever Feb 2019 #46
Well said! These Republicans are just emotional vampires. R B Garr Feb 2019 #50
I think this supports your summary RambleTamble Feb 2019 #59
Why is that even allowed? MineralMan Feb 2019 #61
Damn, the whole KGOP is a bunch of screw ups uponit7771 Feb 2019 #64
They were beyond pathetic n/t malaise Feb 2019 #60
Yes. MineralMan Feb 2019 #62
The senate, too. elias7 Feb 2019 #67
You just described 99.9% of ALL republicans i know Scotch-Irish Feb 2019 #70

Politicub

(12,165 posts)
2. They have yoked their fortunes to those of the president
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 02:55 PM
Feb 2019

And will fall all over themselves to defend him. The person speaking now -- I don't know who she is because I can't see the TV -- is carrying water for the "people of West Virginia" by using herself as a human shield for the president.

What makes it especially ridiculous is the series of sham hearings by the house republicans about emails.

MineralMan

(146,286 posts)
6. I'll be very interested to see what clips are used from this on
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 03:00 PM
Feb 2019

tonight's major network news programs. Unlike many people on DU, I watch news on CBS, ABC or NBC every evening. I do that because those three network news programs, individually, have a massively larger audience than any of the cable news networks. If you add them all together, they dominate viewership. I watch one network in the morning, one at the dinner hour, and one in the before bedtime hour.

The rest of the time, MSNBC is on the TV in the background. I look at it from time to time.

llmart

(15,536 posts)
24. I do the same thing.
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 04:52 PM
Feb 2019

I don't have cable, so I do catch the world news on one of the big three sometimes just to see how they're spinning what transpires during each episode of this Trump administration shit show. It's a real reminder to me that just because I get my news and insights from DU doesn't mean everyone is as tuned into what's happening. Most people just listen to sound bites and then form an opinion based on that. Not everyone is as politically tuned in as we are here on DU.

MineralMan

(146,286 posts)
31. "Not everyone is as politically tuned in as we are here on DU."
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 04:57 PM
Feb 2019

That's the understatement of the year, I think. Really, almost nobody is.

llmart

(15,536 posts)
35. They especially don't tune in or pay attention if it seems even a tiny bit "complicated".
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 05:00 PM
Feb 2019

Or unless it involves salacious sexual antics like Clinton's dalliances.

Hamlette

(15,411 posts)
47. let us know what they use My fav is "Republicans are doing the same thing I did, blindly follow
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 05:52 PM
Feb 2019

Trump" MSNBS is playing it.

dalton99a

(81,451 posts)
5. A bunch of meandering lapdogs trying to get their master's attention
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 02:57 PM
Feb 2019

hoping he's watching them in Vietnam

MineralMan

(146,286 posts)
7. Well, if they believe that Trump gives a damn about them,
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 03:01 PM
Feb 2019

they are sadly mistaken. He cares only about his own self.

gratuitous

(82,849 posts)
8. Odd, isn't it?
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 03:02 PM
Feb 2019

They had total control of the House and the Senate from 2011 to 2019, and this rank incompetence didn't seem to impinge on the public consciousness. Sort of makes you wonder who was really running the show if it wasn't this pack of churls.

MineralMan

(146,286 posts)
10. McConnell and Ryan were running the show.
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 03:03 PM
Feb 2019

The rest are just followers, pretty much.

Ryan's gone. Let's get rid of McConnell next.

The Velveteen Ocelot

(115,674 posts)
9. They aren't interested in substance because they don't have any.
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 03:02 PM
Feb 2019

The only thing they can do is try to diminish Cohen's credibility, but they're in a box because (a) Cohen no longer has any reason to lie and significant reasons not to; and (b) Cohen's previous lies were on behalf of Trump. The soundbites that will come out of the hearing will not favor Trump.

MineralMan

(146,286 posts)
13. Cohen's credibility comes from his having nothing more to lose.
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 03:09 PM
Feb 2019

That's easy to recognize, and more people understand that that we realize, I think.

Cohen is trying to redeem himself to some degree, and to take his revenge on Trump, who turned his back on him. He is a ruined man. All he has to bring to the table now is truth. He can't hurt himself any more. What he has right now is a platform from which to speak. Trump abandoned him. Trump abandons everyone. So, there sits Cohen, telling his sordid story, with Trump as the main character.

He's very dangerous to Trump, who is helpless to silence him at this point. The Republicans on the committee are incapable of turning this disaster around, and the Democrats know exactly what they want from Cohen.

It's a fascinating spectacle. I doubt it will result in any major action against Trump, but I believe it will have a strong impact on the 2020 elections. That impact may be evidenced in ways we're probably not really thinking about at the moment.

llmart

(15,536 posts)
28. The major impact on Trump will come from the State of New York.
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 04:55 PM
Feb 2019

His life from here on out will be nothing but a disaster, costing him plenty in attorneys and then dying eventually with all that as his legacy. Let's just hope they get the rest of his family too.

asiliveandbreathe

(8,203 posts)
12. I am not sure if you remember all the Nixon goings on...I don't remember all of it either..but
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 03:07 PM
Feb 2019

what mattered in the end, the Rule of Law prevailed….we live in such instant gratification times...unfortunately, the unwinding of all that is rump will take time...we have so much information instantly...good, bad or indifferent...that people can become overwhelmed..those in a higher pay grade WILL sort this out..

Democratic reps are asking questions to get to the heart of the matter..smart, intelligent, questions, without pontificating..and spewing venom - the thugs don't want the truth..and for me, that statement will survive..

MineralMan

(146,286 posts)
14. I do remember it all. I watched it all unfold.
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 03:15 PM
Feb 2019

That was a time when I had little work to do, and was back at a University working on my degree after four years in the USAF. So, I had nothing but time. I watched all of the hearings as they happened. It was fascinating.

2019 is going to be a year of similar unfolding. Now that the House is in Democratic hands, we'll see more hearings. Things will get exposed that the Republicans tried to keep from being exposed.

In the end, I expect that this story will be the undoing of the Republican party. I certainly hope so. Then, in 2020, we'll begin to see Democratic candidates using all of the 2019 evidence and revelations to solidify their chances of election. Unlike the Republicans, they will understand how to make this all work in their favor. The Republicans, stupid as they are, will keep trying to hold onto their base, while the rest of the electorate looks for some other way out of this whole mess.

If this is all handled well by Democrats, 2020 could be an earthshaking election year. I hope everyone is paying attention and learning the lessons that need to be learned.

MyOwnPeace

(16,925 posts)
44. I'm startled, shocked, saddened...........
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 05:24 PM
Feb 2019

thinking about the contrast between the Congress of Nixon's time and what we see now.
For the Watergate hearings you knew that you were watching honorable professionals who were concerned about the Constitution, the pride and respect for the institutions to which they belonged, and the safety and security of the American people and Republic.

Now?

Well, you know the answer................

GulfCoast66

(11,949 posts)
49. The republicans in the house we with him till the end.
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 06:06 PM
Feb 2019

But being in the minority in both houses they are not remembered.

And they all stuck by him till it was obvious the American People had decided.

Their ‘courage’ and ‘ Patriotism’ is overblown because once the writing was on the wall they scraped him off like shit on a shoe and that is remembered.

With Fox and hate radio trumps support will never fall that low.

True Blue American

(17,984 posts)
51. Republicans did not turn on Nixon
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 06:09 PM
Feb 2019

until the evidence was indisputable either So do not kid yourself. They were not any better.

KY_EnviroGuy

(14,490 posts)
48. Sam Ervin was my hero.
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 06:00 PM
Feb 2019

Another thing we have in our favor, as awful as it is: tRump's tax law will sting working folks again next year and probably worse. I also hope more will be revealed on Repub gerrymandering and voter suppression.

Let's hope more credible allegations come out on McConnell, other Republicans and right-wing orgs like the NRA from our committees. I seriously think many Americans are awakening to all the lying by Republicans and their media.

As you said, House committee work is just starting to expose that in full view and they're being very careful as to how they conduct the hearings. We have some very bright people in charge and they know full-well how Republicans operate.

KY_EnviroGuy

(14,490 posts)
55. Leon! You're shaking the cobwebs out, LOL.
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 06:31 PM
Feb 2019

Interesting snippet from Leon's Wikipedia page:

On July 24, 1974, the Supreme Court ruled that the Special Prosecutor did have the right to sue the President; and that the "generalized assertion of [executive] privilege must yield to the demonstrated, specific need for evidence in a pending criminal trial". Nixon was forced to give the unedited tapes to Jaworski, including the so-called Smoking Gun Tape which included a compromising discussion of June 23, 1972. The President's remaining support waned, and he resigned on August 9, 1974.


Many of those decisions may well be revisited soon.

Brings back a lot of memories......

uponit7771

(90,335 posts)
63. Were you as involved with WG as this? I've read people say this is like WG but with another country
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 09:20 PM
Feb 2019

... as the people who "broke in"

I would love to read an outline of the similarities and differences between the two other than the aforementioned.

I wasn't alive and I'm blown away that the SAME DAMN PARTY is doing nearly the SAME DAMN THING !!

Makes me think they haven't had any good policies post Eisenhower.

thx in advance

MineralMan

(146,286 posts)
69. Actually, I was more involved with the Watergate issue.
Thu Feb 28, 2019, 10:15 AM
Feb 2019

I had more time then to focus on it. On the other hand, we had no outlet for discussions of it like we do today. Very different times. Very different environment, politically.

Honeycombe8

(37,648 posts)
16. Most people are at work, so can't see it.
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 04:19 PM
Feb 2019

I'm retired, so I can. When I did work, I would try to find things like this on Youtube. But time was limited.

Most people don't care enough, though, truth be told. Which is a sad commentary on the state of politics these days.

llmart

(15,536 posts)
32. I actually think that has been the case over the decades.
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 04:58 PM
Feb 2019

I clearly remember the Watergate hearings and prior to that when I was a very young wife and mother and very few of my cohorts had the time or inclination or energy to follow that closely. It wasn't until it got a lot of media attention and the facts were coming out fast and furious that more people paid attention.

I don't think this is specific to politics of today.

Mira

(22,380 posts)
18. This says very well and is
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 04:34 PM
Feb 2019

what is making me both rabid and glad. How can the constituents of them not see their inadequacy.
My critter up there is Virginia Foxx. Need i say more?

Chalco

(1,307 posts)
19. From my experience testifying as an expert witness
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 04:36 PM
Feb 2019

When the other side doesn't have a case they go after the expert's character
because they know the facts are against them.

SKKY

(11,803 posts)
20. The only Republican who asked anything interesting was Justin Amash...
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 04:39 PM
Feb 2019

...but that could be because he was unprepared. He didn't seem altogether tuned in.

MineralMan

(146,286 posts)
23. Well, Rachel fans will, for sure.
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 04:52 PM
Feb 2019

She comes on after I'm asleep, though.

My TV goes off at 8 PM CST, usually.

Her total audience is about 1% of the population. So is Hannity's. 1%.

Hekate

(90,645 posts)
30. I'm out of town today so I am recording Nicolle Wallace and Rachel Maddow
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 04:56 PM
Feb 2019

You could try that with Rachel a couple of times and see if you like her well enough to continue.

cp

(6,623 posts)
25. Watched the whole thing, so far (still in recess)
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 04:52 PM
Feb 2019

Every R attacked Cohen, with increasing panic and rabidity. They made themselves All In for Trump and did not appear to take in what Cohen said, that those who follow Mr. Trump blindly like I did will suffer the same consequences.

I am very proud of the Democrats on the committee, particularly Elijah Cummings. Thank you, Blue Wave!

Kablooie

(18,625 posts)
26. And this kind of behavior impresses the hell out of their constituents.
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 04:53 PM
Feb 2019

Almost makes you wonder about the value of living in a Democracy at times.
Though an Autocracy or Oligarchy would be much worse so I guess we'll just grin and bear it.

Garrett78

(10,721 posts)
41. And of course Democrats in public office can't say that. However...
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 05:09 PM
Feb 2019

...I think Democrats need to be more blunt about the Republican Party base, as that base poses a grave danger to us all. Democrats should speak openly about the nonsensical beliefs (such as Birtherism, climate change denial, evolution denial, PizzaGate, etc.) that a disturbingly high percentage of people subscribe to, and the need for media literacy to be mandatory curriculum in every school.

We probably can't flip the adherents to those beliefs, but maybe Democrats can make it embarrassing enough that we don't lose any more people to the disease of right wing insanity. We have an epidemic. This country is very, very sick. One might even say it's a national emergency.

KY_EnviroGuy

(14,490 posts)
53. Could deplorable possibly be the word we're searching for?
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 06:18 PM
Feb 2019

............ ............

Agree 100% that we have a public media emergency due to mass availability and the head-spinning saturation of info coming from a million sources. It's time for America to stop click-supporting everything they see on their phone screens and get back to reading credible sources only. In essence, our beloved internet is destroying us.

Garrett78

(10,721 posts)
65. While Republicans are deplorable, I think it's best to talk about this problem like it's a disease.
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 09:32 PM
Feb 2019

Talk about the epidemic of believing nonsense. Talk about how Republicans and the infotainment industry have fomented and exploited ignorance to a dangerous extent. Give stats regarding how many people believe x, y and z.

I've also suggested before that the DNC hire someone to give a daily press conference to address the lies and nonsense over the previous 24 hours. Fugelsang could probably do the job well. We make a mistake by just letting this shit go without a rebuttal. And there's so much nonsense that we need a paid representative to address it on a daily basis.

vlyons

(10,252 posts)
34. It is actually much worse than that
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 05:00 PM
Feb 2019

Republicans are incorrigible. They have destroyed their own personal honor and integrity for some degenerate value about rigging the system to stay in power and greedily lust after money. They are degenerate and absolutely no different than all those good Germans, who cheered Hitler.

Have you seen them lift a finger to correct the evil of kidnapping children at the border and selling them off to Christian prisons. Not a peep.

 

Laura PourMeADrink

(42,770 posts)
36. Even if they didn't want to ask about Trump
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 05:02 PM
Feb 2019

They didn't have to act like such assholes. The tone was just so demeaning. I don't know if Democrats have done that before in hearings but I hope not. Can't imagine that would score with all Republicans. Hey remember the suburb mom's? Lol

By the way have they asked about if he was offered a pardon? There was definitely a huge falling out point with him and Trump

elias7

(3,997 posts)
66. Dems never have acted that way during hearings
Thu Feb 28, 2019, 09:06 AM
Feb 2019

See if you can find the Kavanaugh hearings on YouTube. You’ll see some tough questioning but always fair and always respectful. The Republicans, OTOH, were grandstanding and acting like assholes once they cut off the female prosecutor who did all their questioning in the first half...

 

Laura PourMeADrink

(42,770 posts)
68. Yes, watched the whole Kavenaugh deal. Repukes
Thu Feb 28, 2019, 09:54 AM
Feb 2019

may have appealed to the hard core base with yesterday, but I know plenty of middle of the roaders Republicans who would have thought their demeanor so disgusting. It really made a convicted felon look like the victim.

Do you know if anyone asked him about a pardon? I find it interesting to think about when Cohen stopped adoring trump. Don't know if I buy that it was a gradual evolution. Yet, I read Omarosa's book and she said the same thing.

Hekate

(90,645 posts)
37. The little I saw this morning before hitting the road had me saying of the GOP: It was all a lie...
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 05:03 PM
Feb 2019

Law and Order, Patriotism, Personal Responsibility, Family Values -- once Eisenhower was gone, every single thing the Republican Party said it was for turned out to be a lie.

MM, I've known this for a long time. But every so often it hits me again, harder than before.

It was ALL a lie.

dameatball

(7,396 posts)
38. These questions kill me:
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 05:03 PM
Feb 2019

Repub: Will you commit to never making a book or movie deal?

Cohen: no

Repub: Will you ever eat a steak again?

Cohen; yes

Repub: Do you promise that you will never get a puppy?


cohen: no


Its like they think he should stop living. Maybe they do.

Duppers

(28,120 posts)
43. If this were a rethugian being questioned by a Dem...
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 05:21 PM
Feb 2019

That rethug would have turned the questions like Brett Kavanaugh did and would have said, "Congressman, what you you do?"

Doremus

(7,261 posts)
39. I had a similar impression.
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 05:03 PM
Feb 2019

To me they seemed like a band of thugs. Aggressive and mean. Not a good image to project to the world viewing, imo.

Duppers

(28,120 posts)
40. Nicole Wallace on MSNBC just said
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 05:08 PM
Feb 2019

This is "proving you don't have to pass any kind of test to be in Congress."


Great post, per usual, MM.


Mr. Evil

(2,839 posts)
42. So the Republicans could've sent only one person since they all parroted Jim Jordan and each other.
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 05:16 PM
Feb 2019

They're mad at Cohen for lying in his job capacity of protecting Donald Trump. But, it seems they are also mad that he's not protecting Trump now, like them. Once again, Republicans talking out of both sides of their mouths at the same time. It really seems that most, if not all, of them are auditioning for Cohen's old job.

onlyadream

(2,166 posts)
45. Their outrage about wasting time is hypercritial, thinking of Bengazi
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 05:29 PM
Feb 2019

and all those book and movie deals that Cohen is doing this for. Wow.
Seriously, grasping at straws.

R B Garr

(16,950 posts)
50. Well said! These Republicans are just emotional vampires.
Wed Feb 27, 2019, 06:08 PM
Feb 2019

Not even a rational thought amongst the lot of them, just ramped up ignorance and drama.

elias7

(3,997 posts)
67. The senate, too.
Thu Feb 28, 2019, 09:08 AM
Feb 2019

Remember the Kavanaugh debacle. Wondering if they act differently in closed session.

Latest Discussions»General Discussion»This Hearing Demonstrates...