1) Black disadvantage does not equal white privilege. It is undeniable that Black people are routinely harassed and killed by police whereas white people are not. However, the police do not routinely harass or kill Korean or Chinese or Indian people either. Presumably them, one does not avoid being shot because one is white. One avoids being shot because one is not Black.
2) The fact that one is not routinely beaten up by police or shot in the street or refused service in shops is not really what one would regard as a "privilege". Most people would regard that as an entitlement, or a right instead of a privilege. "White privilege" implies that the problem lies in whites being afforded an unfair advantage, and that the problem could be rectified by the police beating up or shooting the occasional white person from time to time. In reality, the problem is not that whites have it so good, but that black people have it so bad.
By extension, a Japanese person living in Japan is generally not beaten up by the police or refused service in shops. Does that mean that they have Japanese privilege? Going further, a white person living in Japan can expect to see the normal courtesies extended to them just as they would be in America. Does that mean that white privilege exists in Japan, even though there are hardly any white people in positions of power over there?
3) The theory of white privilege posits that white people have an advantage over "people of colour" (ie everyone else). This is largely* nonsense. The primary division is not between whites and "people of colour". Rather the real distinction is between Blacks (and Latinos to some extent) and everyone else. The typical Asian-American experience, for example, is far closer to the typical white experience than the typical Black experience (or even better, in many respects, as Asians exceed whites in many social indicators). In particular, studies of aversive racism have demonstrated that whilst people are quite averse to being approached by a Black person in the street, people have no qualms about speaking to Asians. On the other hand, anti-Black prejudice is held just as much by Asians as it is by whites.
* - but not completely. The assumption of western cultural hegemony and cultural normativity is probably the one aspect in which I would agree that "white privilege" does exist, but that is beyond the scope of this reply.
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