Welcome to DU! The truly grassroots left-of-center political community where regular people, not algorithms, drive the discussions and set the standards. Join the community: Create a free account Support DU (and get rid of ads!): Become a Star Member Latest Breaking News General Discussion The DU Lounge All Forums Issue Forums Culture Forums Alliance Forums Region Forums Support Forums Help & Search

sheshe2

(83,667 posts)
Fri Dec 19, 2014, 11:19 PM Dec 2014

How a Century of Racist Policies Made Ferguson Into a Pocket of Concentrated Despair



Ferguson, Missouri, was a powder-keg waiting for a match long before August 9 and Michael Brown’s fateful encounter with Police Officer Darren Wilson. It is one of many predominantly black communities across the United States plagued by highly concentrated poverty, and all of the social problems that accompany it.

White America has come up with a number of rationales for these enduring pockets of despair. An elaborate mythology has developed that blames it on a “culture of poverty” — holding the poor culpable for their poverty and letting our political and economic systems off the hook. A somewhat more enlightened view holds that whites simply fled areas like Ferguson — which had a population that was 99 percent white as recently as 1970 — because of personal racial animus, leaving them as hollowed-out, predominantly black “ghettos.”

But a study by Richard Rothstein, a research fellow at the Economic Policy Institute, comes to a very different conclusion. In his report, “The Making of Ferguson,” Rothstein details how throughout the last century a series of intentionally discriminatory policies at the local, state and federal levels created the ghettos we see today. BillMoyers.com spoke with Rothstein about the report.The transcript below has been edited for length and clarity.

Joshua Holland: Most people believe that Ferguson became so racially polarized because of “white flight” — white people fled the area because of personal prejudice against African-Americans. In your report, you argue that this misses a crucial point. What are we overlooking?

Rothstein:
The segregation that characterizes Ferguson, and that characterizes St. Louis, was the creation of purposeful public policy. We have a segregated nation by design.

Read More http://billmoyers.com/2014/10/27/century-racist-policies-created-ferguson/

17 replies = new reply since forum marked as read
Highlight: NoneDon't highlight anything 5 newestHighlight 5 most recent replies
How a Century of Racist Policies Made Ferguson Into a Pocket of Concentrated Despair (Original Post) sheshe2 Dec 2014 OP
Kick sheshe2 Dec 2014 #1
And this pattern of systematic, institutionalized racism was repeated all over the country csziggy Dec 2014 #2
Powerful post. sheshe2 Dec 2014 #4
This country was founded on two great sins\crimes: theft of land from its indigenous KingCharlemagne Dec 2014 #7
... napkinz Dec 2014 #17
And it's been kept invisible starroute Dec 2014 #8
When I first moved to Tallahassee, there was a dirt street blocks from the capitol building csziggy Dec 2014 #10
Still reading - kick. nt daredtowork Dec 2014 #3
This situation has really gotten to me in a personal way. bravenak Dec 2014 #5
Where to start bravenak? sheshe2 Dec 2014 #6
You are right about that. bravenak Dec 2014 #9
You have every damn right to complain, bravenak. sheshe2 Dec 2014 #11
I will send it to you first. bravenak Dec 2014 #12
Kick sheshe2 Dec 2014 #13
Thank for this compelling essay on The Making of Ferguson from Joshua Holland, she. Cha Dec 2014 #14
K&R and bookmarking for re-reading. logosoco Dec 2014 #15
K&R napkinz Dec 2014 #16

csziggy

(34,131 posts)
2. And this pattern of systematic, institutionalized racism was repeated all over the country
Sat Dec 20, 2014, 12:06 AM
Dec 2014

I got into a shouting match with an acquaintance of my husband about just this - that the modern poverty of many in this country is not because the individuals or their parents are lazy. It's because the system was designed to not let them get paid for their work, not get jobs in good paying industries, and not keep what they did earn.

Here in the South, it was done by keeping blacks as tenant farmers - in conditions that sometimes got as bad or worse than slavery. After all, with a slave, there is an investment to be kept. Tenants can be thrown off the land and another can be found to replace them if they don't produce enough to pay their rent. No wonder so many left the South to go north, hoping for a better life. I'm disgusted that a "new" system was created to make sure they couldn't get it.

Do that to a population for generations and it is not hard to understand why there is so much anger - especially now that the children of the people who were kept down do long have learned the history and know why their parents could never get ahead. I'm surprised more of this country has not burned.

 

KingCharlemagne

(7,908 posts)
7. This country was founded on two great sins\crimes: theft of land from its indigenous
Sat Dec 20, 2014, 02:05 AM
Dec 2014

inhabitants and theft of life and labor from forcibly imported African slaves.

Neither one of these sins has been fully expiated yet and, instead, those who have profited from these grand thefts have instead projected their guilt onto the victims of the theft with such psycho-rhetorical strategies as 'culture of poverty' and 'black-on-black violence'

What is needed instead is a comprehensive program of reparations -- call it 'socio-economic-based affirmative action,' if you will -- to redistribute this benighted country's wealth from its current unlawful possessors to the progeny of its victims who, as you so eloquently point out, continue to suffer the effects of the thefts visited upon their ancestors.

starroute

(12,977 posts)
8. And it's been kept invisible
Sat Dec 20, 2014, 02:13 AM
Dec 2014

In 1973, my husband and I drove to Florida. I-95 wasn't quite complete yet, so there were a few stretches where we had to take secondary roads that wound past tumbledown shacks. They looked like something off a movie set -- but they were very real and I'm sure there were people living in them.

But a few years later, the last gaps in the interstate were filled in, and those shacks and those people were effectively wiped off the map. They became non-persons.

Something similar happened a few years later when we were returning home from visiting friends in Washington and the Baltimore Harbor Tunnel was closed so we had to detour through the city streets. We became hopelessly lost and passed through block after block of black neighborhoods before we found out way to the other side.

More invisible people. Poor people struggling to survive who you would never see or hear about on the evening news.

This country is very practiced at keeping people invisible -- until something happens that gets noticed. That's the real reason why Ferguson has blown up, and it has nothing to do with Mike Brown's personal flaws or virtues. It's about an opportunity to be seen.

csziggy

(34,131 posts)
10. When I first moved to Tallahassee, there was a dirt street blocks from the capitol building
Sat Dec 20, 2014, 02:35 AM
Dec 2014

With some pretty sorry shacks along that one unpaved block. All the other streets with houses owned by white families were paved, but that one block with homes owned by blacks was not. Frenchtown, the historically black neighborhood a little further away had mostly paved streets, mainly because they were thoroughfares cutting through the neighborhood.

Since then that one sad block has been demolished to build state offices, but I remember it. I wish I had pictures of it, but I didn't have a camera back then.

A few miles down the road from my farm are some old tenant shacks that may have originally been slave quarters. They are on one of the plantations and most of the people who live in those shacks work on the plantation or maybe their parents did and the plantation owners are allowing them to still live there. Although the plantation owner do maintenance, as those building get past repair, they are letting them go and demolishing them. I should take my camera and drive down the road to document them. There used to be lots of those old shacks scattered around this area, but they have mostly been lost to time.

Clifton Paisley in his book about this area covered the period as it transitioned from "Cotton to Quail" - the plantations changed from growing labor intensive cotton to hunting plantations that grow trees and wildlife. He documented how after the Civil War the plantation owners set the prices for the tenant farmers who had been their slaves. It was one of the ways they kept the laborers on the land without having to pay much more than than keeping the slaves had cost them. Once the agricultural economy in this area collapsed most of the plantations were sold to wealthy people from up North who used them for hunting vacations and as a side effect could grow valuable timber. But those uses provide few jobs and the jobs they do have pay little.

 

bravenak

(34,648 posts)
5. This situation has really gotten to me in a personal way.
Sat Dec 20, 2014, 01:17 AM
Dec 2014

Lately, I have been spending more time reading and buying historical non fiction and realize that there is quite a lack of easily accessible resources for children to learn our history.
We have nothing comparable to the 'Little House on the Prairie' series, something easy to read, and to help them learn and connect with our history.
Seems like many wait for black history month, rushes through it, and ignores it until the next year.
There are so many points in history that connect up and tell the story. Black history needs to not be separated from American history. It is frustrating for me.

sheshe2

(83,667 posts)
6. Where to start bravenak?
Sat Dec 20, 2014, 01:57 AM
Dec 2014

First, when I got home from work I saw a post of yours about your tracing your genealogy. It stops when your ancestors were stolen and sold. You have a void in your family history after 1930 that you will never be able to fill. That was taken from you as it was from your ancestors, their lives were stolen.
Yes, I find that sad and unbearable.

Second, as for the easy books for children of color, of all color to read about their past, our past to learn and to understand. Yes we are lacking of black history.

I have a suggestion. Start writing them bravenak. Do it now. Talk to your mother and grandmother and start telling the story. You write well and with passion. Tell the story bravenak. I know you can.

Do it.


 

bravenak

(34,648 posts)
9. You are right about that.
Sat Dec 20, 2014, 02:23 AM
Dec 2014

I have so much stuff I have filed away about that time, reconstruction and such. I suppose it woukd be a bit easier to write a story about it than to complain about it. I read alot of novels, YA, pretty much every genre. Too many of them are missing people of color, and a lot of them lack any poor people whatsoever. I'll have to work on an outline soon.

sheshe2

(83,667 posts)
11. You have every damn right to complain, bravenak.
Sat Dec 20, 2014, 02:42 AM
Dec 2014

This country has a dismal history on slavery and racism. I am so sorry for that.

Yet you can write it and you can tell the story for the children, so they understand and for the adults that just might finally get it.

If you start, please send it to me. I want to read your words. I want to hear your story.

Cha

(296,881 posts)
14. Thank for this compelling essay on The Making of Ferguson from Joshua Holland, she.
Sat Dec 20, 2014, 05:39 AM
Dec 2014

Snip from your link.. Damn..

"Realtors engaged in a practice which came to be known as “blockbusting.” When a black family moved onto a block, like Adel Allen did in Kirkwood, the real estate agents would go door to door and try to panic their white neighbors into selling their homes at very reduced prices, with the idea that property values were going to be destroyed because African-Americans were moving into their neighborhood.

Those real estate agents then bought those properties at very low prices and resold them to African-Americans, who had to pay very high prices because they had no other housing options."


logosoco

(3,208 posts)
15. K&R and bookmarking for re-reading.
Sat Dec 20, 2014, 08:53 AM
Dec 2014

I read the first part that mentioned Kirkwood. That is where I grew up. There was a nice AA community there...well, I saw it as nice because we were on the lower economic scale in the town, plus my mom was single and in the 70s that was different than it is now. I felt more connected to the black kids at my school because we were in the same economic bracket, which made a big difference in Kirkwood.

I moved from there in the mid 80s. My mom and mother in law are still there, so I see what is going on. The community of black and poor people was bought out and demolished to build Walmart, Target and Lowes. There were other areas they could have built in, but that's where they did it. I guess the folks there got money for their property, but it destroyed a community, and it was not replaced nearby. It seemed sort of obvious to me at the time what was happening, but everyone was just so damn happy to have a Walmart and a new Target,they didn't care.

There is more integration happening where I live now, because I think people are seeing it is not the color of a person that matters, but that we are all hard working people who are just making it in this world and we need to stick together. For the people out here to even see that a little is a major change. Housing is much more affordable here than St. Louis county, but it is still close enough to the city for "convenience" (I would say jobs, but there are not a lot of good jobs here, as elsewhere in the country). Unless it snows!

Or maybe I am just trying to be optimistic because i hate seeing us going back to where we were before I was born!

Latest Discussions»General Discussion»How a Century of Racist P...