Physicists find extreme violation of local realism in quantum hypergraph states

[bananas]

Source: Phys Org

Many quantum technologies rely on quantum states that violate local realism, which means that they either violate locality (such as when entangled particles influence each other from far away) or realism (the assumption that quantum states have well-defined properties, independent of measurement), or possibly both. Violation of local realism is one of the many counterintuitive, yet experimentally supported, characteristics of the quantum world.

Determining whether or not multiparticle quantum states violate local realism can be challenging. Now in a new paper, physicists have shown that a large family of multiparticle quantum states called hypergraph states violates local realism in many ways. The results suggest that these states may serve as useful resources for quantum technologies, such as quantum computers and detecting gravitational waves.

<snip>

In the new study, the physicists discovered that quantum hypergraph states have perfect correlations that are highly nonlocal. As the scientists explain, this means that hypergraph states strongly violate local realism.

"We find a whole new class of elegantly described states that are highly entangled," Gachechiladze told Phys.org. "This class is a generalization of a well‐known and heavily used family of graph states."

The physicists also showed that the greater the number of particles in a quantum hypergraph state, the more strongly it violates local realism, with the strength increasing exponentially with the number of particles. In addition, even if a quantum hypergraph state loses one of its particles, it continues to violate local realism. This robustness to particle loss is in stark contrast to other types of quantum states, which no longer violate local realism if they lose a particle. This property is particularly appealing for applications, since it might allow for more noise in experiments.

One such potential application is quantum computing, which may benefit because the exponential violation found here is expected to correspond to an exponential advantage for certain computation tasks. Another application is quantum metrology, where physicists take advantage of quantum properties to make extremely precise measurements that would not be possible using classical measurement techniques.

<snip>

Read more: http://phys.org/news/2016-03-physicists-extreme-violation-local-realism.html

[fbc]

1. I think I'll have to wait for this to be posted on another site

before I can begin to understand it.

Maybe slashdot will pick it up and the comments can help me decipher it.

[KamaAina]

2. "extreme violation of local realism"?

That might explain the underpinnings of the repuke party!

[xocet]

7. Indeed, that is probably the party's platform's principle principal...

[villager]

16. Yes, but how do we get "disentangled" from them?

[KamaAina]

17. Ah, therein lies the rub.

[mindwalker_i]

19. Typically, entanglement is broken by observation

... which then collapses the state of both or all particles into specific values and breaks the connections between them. I suggest that something similar would apply to the republican party: hyper-observation and carefull detailing of what the observations tell us.

Trump is a racist, or at least he's saying overtly racist things whether he actually believes them or not. However, his followers believe them - hence, they're followers. Trump is the essence of the republican party. His ideas are their ideas, just plainly stated. Trump provides us a unique opportunity to examine just what makes up the republicans, what kind of people they are.

The economic "proposals" of the republican party are absurd from the point of view of trying to make the economy work, be productive, and reward people's effort. Instead, republicans are enriching the people or businesses that donate to republicans. A lot of people are hurt as a result and, in fact, the economy is being destroyed because of it. There are two sides to markets: supply and demand. They are destroying half of the equation, not out of malice specifically, but simply because they don't care about the economy. By extension, they don't care about the country.

[villager]

22. And since we're clearly observing collapse, will there be fission, or fusion, as a result?

Or simply an altered state of being?

[Fuddnik]

24. You get a cat in living in a box.

Unless you open the box and my dog sees it.

[villager]

25. So 1%ers imagine that they live "outside the box." If the economy is dead *inside* the box

...or if the biosphere inside the box "collapses," how many nano-seconds will it take before their illusion of separateness is also shattered?

[mindwalker_i]

36. It is collapsing and we're observing that

... but the collapse isn't happening due to our observation. It's happening because the republican party has long been opening the door, just a little, into racism in particular and The Donald just shoved it wide open and walked through. As the Rude Pundit might say, they took just the tip for a long time, but ended up with the whole, hairy thing doing a deep-dive in to the bowels of the party.

[gregcrawford]

43. So if I understand you correctly...

... when you turn the Republican Party inside out, you find a seething furnace of malice consumed by pathological selfishness, unbridled greed, and an inability to discern the truth, let alone tell it, garnished with a soupçon of homicidal tendencies, i.e., The Donald.

[mindwalker_i]

46. Yup

That's pretty much it in a can.

[RoccoR5955]

26. No silly

these states are in the Deep South!

[noamnety]

3. Do we really need more threads about the Bundies?

"Many quantum technologies rely on quantum states that violate local realism, which means that they either violate locality ... or realism ... or possibly both. "

[tblue37]

4. K&R. nt

[McCamy Taylor]

5. k&r

Interesting that scientists cling to notions of "reality"--until they see a way to make money out of exploiting the falseness of reality. We use science both as a religious dogma and as a tool of commerce.

[xocet]

10. Can you explain what is meant by "notions of 'reality' "? Are you actually referring to what is

meant by realism in the OP's source article?

[Kelvin Mace]

20. When you find a religion whose dogma is subject to

empirical observation and testing, you can call science a religion.

And since practically anything can be used as a "tool of commerce" why are you surprised/disgusted?

[Igel]

33. You're ignoring the entire correspondence problem.

Reality just is. What we perceive at the macro level really is just what we perceive at the macro level. Whatever occurs at the quantum level happens there, too.

The two aren't at odds, not in the least. It's just that all the quantum weirdness that so many love to speculate at levels closer to human experience doesn't really surface at those levels. Every once in a while we can see something goofball at a level that's barely visible to the human eye, but those events are exceptional.

Most scientists cling to macro-level science because it works. I think of it as sort of like chemistry and physics. On the one hand, chemistry is physics; heck, so is biology. But the math necessary for even fairly simple chemistry from physical basic principles is hellish, and for more complicated things (like a 3-electron atom) basically stops us cold. So we rely on higher-level generalizations that work perfectly fine.

[sulphurdunn]

6. On my planet

we've know this for thousands of solar cycles.

[xocet]

8. Here is the article...

Extreme Violation of Local Realism in Quantum Hypergraph States
Mariami Gachechiladze, Costantino Budroni, and Otfried Gühne
Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 070401 – Published 17 February 2016

Abstract

Hypergraph states form a family of multiparticle quantum states that generalizes the well-known concept of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states, cluster states, and more broadly graph states. We study the nonlocal properties of quantum hypergraph states. We demonstrate that the correlations in hypergraph states can be used to derive various types of nonlocality proofs, including Hardy-type arguments and Bell inequalities for genuine multiparticle nonlocality. Moreover, we show that hypergraph states allow for an exponentially increasing violation of local realism which is robust against loss of particles. Our results suggest that certain classes of hypergraph states are novel resources for quantum metrology and measurement-based quantum computation.

...

http://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.070401

[gregcrawford]

44. While I appreciate the marvels of particle physics...

... it is impossible to grasp these concepts without a concise definition of the vocabulary necessary to describe them. In layman's terms, what the fuck is a "hypergraph?"

Beam me up, Scottie. This Hardy-type argument is harshing my mellow!

Seriously, it sounds like it could be the foundation for the transporter beam.

[Orrex]

9. How long before Deepak Chopra spins this into another pseudoscience moneymaker for himself?

[Katashi_itto]

11. Well hell. I thought that was pretty obivous.

[bemildred]

12. I like it.

Mathematically, physically, it sounds like it has real possibilities. But not easy to do, I would bet, set up a fully-connected four-qubit hypergraph you could do something with.

[mahatmakanejeeves]

13. Of course they wait until a Friday afternoon, when no one is looking, to dump this news. NT

[pangaia]

14. Kerspert !!!

[pangaia]

15. God that was good,, I godda repeat.....

KERSPERTTTTTTTTTTT

[FailureToCommunicate]

21. ...

[Solly Mack]

18. K&R

[Unknown Beatle]

23. I'm 61 years old and my time here on this plane

is almost done. I suspect that I've lived three quarters of my life with one quarter to go. That means twenty more years, more or less, and I'm hoping it will be more.

Now, what do I mean by that? We've all gotta go sometime or another, but I really wish I could see what future technology holds one hundred years down the road. At least a peak. Virtual reality TV where you live the action. Computer and phone implants in the brain. Etc. But such is life. One second we're here, the next second we're gone.

The universe has been here for hundreds of billions of years, and in comparison, one hundred years is nothing more than a tiny wisp of smoke, a minute flash, and then it's gone forever. Most of us won't live to be even ninety.

But, I'm being selfish as I did see and use new technology that my parents and grandparents didn't think possible. So all things even out. My grandkids will see and use new technology but my grandkids grandkids will see and use even newer technology that my grandkids didn't think possible.

[BillZBubb]

27. Not that it matters much with respect to your point but...

The universe isn't THAT old!

[Unknown Beatle]

28. How old is the universe then?

Hundreds of billions of years is still young, I guess, in the grand scheme of things.

[BillZBubb]

38. To the best of our knowledge a "tad" under 14 billion years.

At least that's the time from the Big Bang until now.

[Unknown Beatle]

40. They base the age of the universe by the farthest object

they can view. But, in a few years, other further objects are going to be viewed with the new James Webb Space Telescope which in turn will increase the age of the universe.

In other words, 14 billion years could be wildly of the mark.

[BillZBubb]

45. No, the cosmic background radiation is the key, not visibile "objects".

The heat signature from the Big Bang has been fairly accurately determined for some time. The number is under 14 billion years.

[Unknown Beatle]

47. "Red Faced"

I stand corrected.

[BillZBubb]

48. No sweat, this stuff gets confusing sometimes (Plus you might still be right!)

If the multiverse theory can somehow gain evidence, I would be the one red faced and you would be wondering why your estimate was so low.

[xocet]

30. While admitting that this is beside your point, WMAP data and Planck data nevertheless yielded:

The Universe Is 13.82 Billion Years Old
By Phil Plait

...

The Universe is 13.82 billion years old.

The age of the Universe is a little bit higher than we expected. A few years ago, the WMAP spacecraft looked at the Universe much as Planck has, and for the time got the best determination of the cosmic age: 13.73 +/- 0.12 billion years old.

Planck has found that the Universe is nearly 100 million years older than that: 13.82 billion years.

At first glance you might think this is a really different number. But look again. The uncertainty in the WMAP age is 120 million years. That means the best estimate is 13.73 billion years, but it could easily be 13.85 or 13.61. Anything in that range is essentially indistinguishable in the WMAP data, and 13.73 is just in the middle of that range.

And that range includes 13.82 billion years. It’s at the high end, but that’s not a big deal. It’s completely consistent with the older estimate, but Planck’s measurements are considered to be more accurate. It will become the new benchmark for astronomers.

...

http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2013/03/21/age_of_the_universe_planck_results_show_universe_is_13_82_billion_years.html

[Liberal Unrelenting]

29. Uh, yeah

That's what, er, I've thought for years.

[SamKnause]

31. Has Sheldon been notified of the findings ???

Bazinga !!!

Thanks for posting.

[edbermac]

32. Alerting!

No sex threads!

[NBachers]

34. I'm glad you posted this, Bananas, and thanks.

[Ichingcarpenter]

35. For Some Your reality is an illusion

Buddhism addresses deeply philosophical questions regarding the nature of reality. One of the fundamental teachings is that all the constituent forms (sankharas) that make up the universe are temporary (Pali: anicca), arising and passing away, and therefore without concrete identity (atta). This lack of enduring identity (anatta) of phenomena has important consequences for the possibility of liberation from the conditions which give rise to suffering. This is explained in the doctrine of interdependent origination.


One of the most discussed themes in Buddhism is that of the emptiness (sunyata) of form (matter), an important corollary of the transient and conditioned nature of phenomena. Reality is seen, ultimately, in Buddhism as a form of 'projection', resulting from the fruition (vipaka) of karmic seeds (sankharas). The precise nature of this 'illusion' that is the phenomenal universe is debated among different schools. For example;


Some consider that the concept of the unreality of "reality" is confusing. They posit that, in Buddhism, the perceived reality is considered illusory not in the sense that reality is a fantasy or unreal, but that our perceptions and preconditions mislead us to believe that we are separate from the elements that we are made of. Reality, in Buddhist thought, would be described as the manifestation of karma[citation needed].


Other schools of thought in Buddhism (e.g., Dzogchen), consider perceived reality literally[citation needed] unreal. As a prominent contemporary teacher puts it: "In a real sense, all the visions that we see in our lifetime are like a big dream [...]".[1] In this context, the term 'visions' denotes not only visual perceptions, but appearances perceived through all senses, including sounds, smells, tastes and tactile sensations, and operations on received mental objects.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_in_Buddhism

Now if we take these 2500 year old thoughts and put them into the newest discoveries of quantum physics we may find that the language of describing our reality is not so archaic but similar in concept.

The Buddha avoided doctrinal formulations concerning the final reality as much as possible in order to prevent his followers from resting content with minor achievements on the path in which the absence of the final experience could be substituted by conceptual understanding of the doctrine or by religious faith, a situation which sometimes occurs, in both varieties, in the context of Hindu systems of doctrine.[2]

“The syntactical nature of reality, the real secret of magic, is that the world is made of words. And if you know the words that the world is made of, you can make of it whatever you wish.”
― Terence McKenna

[Pauldg47]

42. Hillary.

[stranger81]

49. +1

I'm trying to make my way through the Avatamsaka Sutra -- slowly -- and the correspondence between the ideas it expresses and recent discoveries in quantum physics, like this one, is really kind of stunning to me.

[jomin41]

37. I just goddamn KNEW IT!!!

[surrealAmerican]

39. I'm all for violating realism...

... hence my username, but I think I may prefer to keep things local.

[dchill]

41. Does this have to do with the difference between exit polls...

And "tabulated" results? That "extreme violation of local realism" sounds about right!

[ashling]

50. Who is ahead

in the quantum hypergraph states?

[Demonaut]

51. wow, I don't know where to start or finish