Maria Montessori (August 31, 1870 - May 6, 1952)
Maria Montessori was actually known for her scientific prowess. She was the first woman to graduate from medical school in Italy in 1894. She then went on to work at the State Orthophrenic School in Rome and focused on the education of the feebleminded.
After lecturing at the University of Rome, she opened the Casa dei Bambini in 1907, a school for children that put the Montessori method into practice. Her method entails emphasis on activities that encourage early childhood development. Her method was adopted by schools across the world and continues to be a prominent method of early education today.
http://mbelibrary.tumblr.com/post/61614138986/women-of-the-world-wednesday
I was just thinking of her method the other day after reading about an academy in the UK which doesn't require students to attend class. The kids usually spend a few weeks playing and doing whatever they like, but eventually get bored with it and decide to attend classes on their own.