Democratic Underground Latest Greatest Lobby Journals Search Options Help Login
Google

Teachers testify on refusal to promote intelligent design

Printer-friendly format Printer-friendly format
Printer-friendly format Email this thread to a friend
Printer-friendly format Bookmark this thread
This topic is archived.
Home » Discuss » Latest Breaking News Donate to DU
 
Judi Lynn Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 09:40 AM
Original message
Teachers testify on refusal to promote intelligent design
Posted on Fri, Oct. 07, 2005

Teachers testify on refusal to promote intelligent design

Two Dover High School teachers said it would be unethical to present the idea in science classrooms.

By Amy Worden
Inquirer Staff Writer

HARRISBURG - Dover High School science teachers were so outraged by a decision to introduce what they said was Bible-based creationism into biology class that they refused to read a mandatory statement to their students promoting the idea, according to two science faculty members testifying in a federal trial over the teaching of evolution.

The teachers said the curriculum change approved last year required that students be presented with intelligent design as an alternative to Darwin's theory of evolution. They said it would violate professional ethics to teach intelligent design, which posits that the universe is so complex that it must have been created by an intelligent being, in a science classroom.

"I felt it was too close to creationism to be taught," said biology teacher Jennifer Miller.

Bertha Spahr, the senior member of the school's science faculty, said the board's decision was "railroaded" through without consulting the faculty or other experts and put teachers in the untenable position.
(snip/...)

http://www.philly.com/mld/inquirer/news/local/states/pennsylvania/12839967.htm

Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
Hobarticus Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 09:43 AM
Response to Original message
1. "Inherit the Wind", the sequel...
Get me George Clooney on the line.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
sasha031 Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 09:47 AM
Response to Reply #1
3. this is so nuts
American students are already so behind in the sciences compared to China, we must be the laughing stock of the world.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
QuettaKid Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 11:00 AM
Response to Reply #3
15. uhm, we ARE the laughingstock of the world
ever spend any time on other boards beside's DU? I frequent a few others that have a broaderbased international appeal......they are laughing and it ain't pretty.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
wryter2000 Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 02:46 PM
Response to Reply #1
31. Ye gods
I've been flashing back to Nixon/Vietnam/Watergate for years now. Now I have to flash back to 1925? I'm not old enough.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
redwitch Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 09:47 AM
Response to Original message
2. Last night at our high school's open house
My son's biology teacher was asked if evolution was being taught as only one theory- the implication was that this mother wanted to make sure other theories were being taught as well. Teacher sidestepped nicely because of the way the question was asked. I was floored. Upstate NY here. I know that they are not teaching creationism or intelligent design but I was troubled that this woman would even bring it up.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
havocmom Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 09:57 AM
Response to Reply #2
7. We might wanna become well versed in creation myths from many cultures
and inquire of parents like that which ones we will and won't expose students too. And then ask if those who subscribe to myths the parents don't approve of might not consider failure to include them as some sort of persecution or discrimination.

The narcissist behavior of Judeo-Christian Creationists needs to be confronted head on. There ARE other belief systems out there. If we have to include their particular beliefs in science classes, we have to include EVERYBODY's beliefs.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
redwitch Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 10:24 AM
Response to Reply #7
11. An excellent point
There are some great creation myths from native Americans involving giant turtles and talking bears that should be included. Why not add comparative world religions to the curriculum and leave the science classrooms alone?
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Sequoia Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 10:57 AM
Response to Reply #11
14. And in the North West, Ravens!
There was a great children's book I would read to my daughter about how the sun came to earth. A madien went to draw water from the river and the raven turned himself into a seed or something and got in the water that she drank and she had a son. The people were so in love with this baby and let him do pretty much what he wanted. He went ga ga toddling over to the box where the sun was kept, picked up the sun, turned in a raven and flying up into the air flung it in the sky and the whole earth had the sun now.

Poor mom though, losing her son that way. I think we should introduce all cultures, Greek, Norse myths et al. They are so very interesting and make hollywood movies dull by comparison.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
tblue37 Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 01:19 PM
Response to Reply #11
24. What about the marvelous Hopi
creation myth? The People crawl up from the underground through a hole in the ground. Let's have that one is science classes. If fundies argue, we can say subways are too complex to be explained any other way. Obviously the first subway designers had a supernatural model to work from.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
kath Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-09-05 02:39 PM
Response to Reply #11
54. And what about the Flying Spaghetti Monster? There's just as much evidence
for His Noodliness as there is for Genesis or any of the other creation myths...
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
ihelpu2see Donating Member (935 posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 11:07 AM
Response to Reply #7
16. No myths belong in a SCIENCE CLASS... Darwins Theory is not a myth
and time and time again Evolution is proven by genetics and by observations in the field.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
havocmom Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 11:40 AM
Response to Reply #16
23. That's my point. ALL myths or no myths
And we need to pound that into a lot of thick skulls surrounding some pretty narrowminded people who think their truth/reality is the only truth/reality.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
wryter2000 Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 02:49 PM
Response to Reply #16
32. You're right
But other creation myths might make good talking points in School Board meetings where Creationism is brought up.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Overseas Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 11:14 AM
Response to Reply #7
18. Excellent idea !! n/t
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Tesha Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 11:26 AM
Response to Reply #7
21. "It's turtles all the way down, young man!" (NT)
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
redwitch Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 11:38 AM
Response to Reply #21
22. In the words of Ember Swift's "Goldilocks":
"Fairytales will fuck you up!"
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Trajan Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-08-05 06:00 PM
Response to Reply #7
46. Excellent solution ...
Edited on Sat Oct-08-05 06:03 PM by Trajan
Much like the refutation of Pascal's Wager; it blows away arguments FOR a specific theology by providing the rationale that an infinite number of theologies are just as valid ....

Trust me: Christians would be quite offended to know their children were being taught the Hindu creation myth of Purusha. ....

Thousand-headed Purusha, thousand-eyed, thousand-footed he, having pervaded the earth on all sides, still extends ten fingers beyond it.

Purusha alone is all this—whatever has been and whatever is going to be. Further, he is the lord of immortality and also of what grows on account of food.

Such is his greatness; greater, indeed, than this is Purusha. All creatures constitute but one quarter of him, his three-quarters are the immortal in the heaven.

With his three-quarters did Purusha rise up; one quarter of him again remains here. With it did he variously spread out on all sides over what eats and what eats not.

From him was Viraj born, from Viraj evolved Purusha. He, being born, projected himself behind the earth as also before it.

When the gods performed the sacrifice with Purusha as the oblation, then the spring was its clarified butter, the summer the sacrificial fuel, and the autumn the oblation.

The sacrificial victim, namely, Purusha, born at the very beginning, they sprinkled with sacred water upon the sacrificial grass. With him as oblation the gods performed the sacrifice, and also the Sadhyas and the rishis .

From that wholly offered sacrificial oblation were born the verses and the sacred chants; from it were born the meters; the sacrificial formula was born from it.

From it horses were born and also those animals who have double rows of teeth; cows were born from it, from it were born goats and sheep.

When they divided Purusha, in how many different portions did they arrange him? What became of his mouth, what of his two arms? What were his two thighs and his two feet called?

His mouth became the brahman; his two arms were made into the rajanya; his two thighs the vaishyas; from his two feet the shudra was born.

The moon was born from the mind, from the eye the sun was born; from the mouth Indra and Agni, from the breath the wind was born.

From the navel was the atmosphere created, from the head the heaven issued forth; from the two feet was born the earth and the quarters from the ear. Thus did they fashion the worlds.

Seven were the enclosing sticks in this sacrifice, thrice seven were the fire-sticks made, when the gods, performing the sacrifice, bound down Purusha, the sacrificial victim.

With this sacrificial oblation did the gods offer the sacrifice. These were the first norms of sacrifice. These greatnesses reached to the sky wherein live the ancient Sadhyas and gods.



Hey .... Its as good as Genesis ....
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
ismnotwasm Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-09-05 05:21 PM
Response to Reply #7
56. In fact,
Doesn't that guy Atlas hold the world on his shouders? I forget what HE stands on tho'.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
DBoon Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 10:01 AM
Response to Reply #2
9. what do you expect with all the creationist propaganda around?
Her preacher probably tells her that anyone who believes in science will burn in hell forever.

Even in the most liberal, bluest areas, there are many evangelical radio and tv stations peddling this nonsense.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Hobarticus Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 10:25 AM
Response to Reply #2
12. Teach your kids your backwoods mythology at home!
All you educators and parents out there, you have my sympathies. It must be nuts.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
OldCurmudgeon Donating Member (585 posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 11:22 AM
Response to Reply #2
19. "maybe we'll get to it..."
"maybe we'll get to it, if we have time. We're awfully busy with 'flat earth' vs. 'round earth' and 'geo-centrism' vs. 'heliocentrism', you know. There's only so much time in the school year, and those darn epicycles take up a lot of time."

Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Tesha Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 11:25 AM
Response to Reply #2
20. "Well of course it's being taught as only a theory!"
"Well of course it's being taught as only a theory!" says the teacher,
silently adding "but you have no idea what a *THEORY* is, you stupid
fundamentalist twit!"

"It's a shame you don't go test the *THEORY* of gravitation by jumping
off the Empire State Building" she didn't go on to add.

Tesha
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
markbark Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 02:06 PM
Response to Reply #20
25. Point of Order...
Whilst Evolution may be a theory, Gravitation is a Law -- 4.9 m/(s^2) (on Earth, anyway) :)

Pedantically yours,

--MAB
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Tesha Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 02:21 PM
Response to Reply #25
27. (That's why I said "gravitation")
No, "gravitation" is only a theory, and a pretty sad one at that.
We have no real idea how it works (e.g., the search for the
"graviton" and "gravity waves" continues) although we do have
some useful equations that describe its effects (as you pointed
out).

Tesha
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
aePrime Donating Member (676 posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-08-05 12:37 PM
Response to Reply #25
45. The law of gravity refers to Newton's equations
not gravity itself. It's 9.8 m/s^2, by the way.

Of course, Newton's equations don't hold up outside of our little human frame of mind.

Gravity itself is a theory, general relativity being the most successful theory on gravitation to date.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Toots Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-09-05 09:12 AM
Response to Reply #2
48. They also teach Nuclear Theory and Theory of Gravity
and a few more scientific theories but hopefully not religion. It is fine to teach about religion but creationism or ID is religion.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
9119495 Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 09:50 AM
Response to Original message
4. It's simple. Pull out the Enuma Elish--an old Mesopotamian story
of creation and teach that for a week. Then move onto the Norse Sagas of Viking myths. By week five, conservative Christians will be begging people to just cover evolution. If not, week 9 sacrifice a rooster like the Romans used to for the purposes of telling the future. Who's with me?
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
slackmaster Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 09:54 AM
Response to Original message
5. Nice to see some teachers with ovaries
:toast:
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
cloudythescribbler Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 09:55 AM
Response to Original message
6. who ever gave the right to the schoolboard to mandate what teachers teach?
Could they tell social studies teachers they have to teach about Abu Ghraib, or about the media lockdown after the election of 2004 or whatever the local government pleases?

You can be damn sure that if progressives ever used discretionary power over school boards that way, there would be hell to pay
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
yellowcanine Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 10:00 AM
Response to Reply #6
8. My thoughts exactly. School boards should hire good administrators
and teachers and give them the tools they need. That should be IT. Curriculum decisions should be made by educators, not politicians.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
yorkiemommie1 Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 10:06 AM
Response to Original message
10. our school board kicked Planned Parenthood out of the schools
which is why i am asking lots of questions of the folks running for school board here.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
sendero Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 10:32 AM
Response to Original message
13. All "creationism" proves..
... is the fallacy of the concept of bibical inerrancy.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Sin Donating Member (446 posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 11:13 AM
Response to Original message
17. Look at the new ID science books lol.
Edited on Fri Oct-07-05 11:15 AM by Sin
If we let them get there hooks in any deeper they may try to publish science books that look like this. hehe :)

http://www.chick.com/reading/tracts/5001/5001_01.asp

They want there faith so unshakable that they need to push science back to O id say the 10th century just so there wont be any cracks in it. and people will be so stupid they will follow and believe anything.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
yellowcanine Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 02:22 PM
Response to Reply #17
28. Hey, that tract has the man/dino footprints! I thought even Hovind had
Edited on Fri Oct-07-05 02:22 PM by yellowcanine
admitted those were bogus. Now I need to go check!
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
VegasWolf Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 02:07 PM
Response to Original message
26. Intelligent Design -- Creationism's latest evolution! nt
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Zhade Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 02:31 PM
Response to Original message
29. Hey, you stupid IDers:
IT.

IS.

NOT.

SCIENCE.


Get that through your ignorant skulls!

Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Dudley_DUright Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 02:36 PM
Response to Original message
30. As a college level science educator, I can't imagine how much
Edited on Fri Oct-07-05 02:54 PM by Dudley_DUright
I would resent some IDiot telling me how to teach my science courses. Bravo to the Dover Two. Take a bow Jennifer and Bertha. :applause:
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
wryter2000 Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 02:52 PM
Response to Reply #30
33. Ditto that
:applause:

And I'll bet Americans United for Separation of Church and State will be in the courtroom with them.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Zhade Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 02:54 PM
Response to Reply #30
35. "IDiots" - that's perfect.
I shall henceforth refer to anyone who posits that ID is science as such.

Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Dudley_DUright Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 02:57 PM
Response to Reply #35
38. It is good, but I can't take credit for it
I saw it first used right here on DU. I wish I could remember which DUer I should be giving credit to, but alas, the absent minded professor syndrome has manifested itself once again. ;-)
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Zhade Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 03:05 PM
Response to Reply #38
39. Do you have any Flubber on you?
:D

Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Dudley_DUright Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 03:17 PM
Response to Reply #39
40. Sorry, fresh out
Could I interest you in some dark matter?
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
TygrBright Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 02:54 PM
Response to Original message
34. Does this mean they won't teach about how the Flying Spaghetti Monster...
...created the world?

He's gonna be PISSED...

ironically,
Bright
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Zhade Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 02:55 PM
Response to Reply #34
37. He also created every other religion. He told me so.
You can't prove He didn't!

:rofl:

Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Pacifist Patriot Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 03:24 PM
Response to Reply #37
41. Ahoy matey.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Zhade Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 03:27 PM
Response to Reply #41
43. Yar!
NT!

Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Chovexani Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-09-05 02:55 PM
Response to Reply #37
55. Ramen. (n/t)
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
wryter2000 Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 02:54 PM
Response to Original message
36. Should public schools teach religion in science classes?
www.au.org

"Should public schools teach religion in science classes?

"The U.S. Constitution says no!

"An important case challenging the teaching of “intelligent design” creationism in public schools gets under way Sept. 26 in federal district court in Harrisburg, Pa. The lawsuit, sponsored by Americans United for Separation of Church and State and its allies, is the first of its kind. It will set an important precedent blocking the Religious Right’s crusade to force a particular form of religion into the science curriculum.

"Kitzmiller v. Dover challenges a decision by the Dover, Pa., School Board to promote intelligent design in the classroom and undermine the teaching of evolution. Attorneys challenging the school policy argue that intelligent design is a religious concept, not science, and it is intended to promote specific sectarian beliefs. Plaintiffs in the case include an array of parents who come from various religious and philosophical backgrounds."

Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Infomaniac Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 03:26 PM
Response to Original message
42. Off on a tangent here
But I would hope colleges and universities would start to assign lower admission scores to students who attend public schools that do not provide a solid science curriculum. Once people hear that this ID BS lessens their kid's chances of getting into a desirable college is when this debate starts getting really interesting. I think local turn-out for school board elections is something like 25%. Imagine the turnout if your local school district's policies lessen post-secondary opportunities. Housing values, which are tied somewhat to the local school district's quality, will take a hit as non-Fundie parents move to local private schools or to another school district. People would definitely vote in favor of increasing their house value over any bogus creationist nonsense.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Pacifist Patriot Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Fri Oct-07-05 03:38 PM
Response to Reply #42
44. Hmmm...excellent point.
It makes sense to me. If I had to choose between the admission of two students to a science program I think I would have to give weight to how ID and evolution are handled in their relative school systems.

Of course, I might be inclined to try to "save" the student from the idiotic school board but that's just me.

You have a very good point.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
VegasWolf Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sat Oct-08-05 07:30 PM
Response to Original message
47. We need to demand that schools teach Science in religious classes! nt
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
hellbound-liberal Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-09-05 12:35 PM
Response to Original message
49. I can't wait until we get to teach how the miracle of Jesus
is celebrated by honoring a giant rabbit who visits all of the good children of the world and leaves them hard-boiled eggs and chocolates!
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Zhade Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-09-05 12:39 PM
Response to Reply #49
50. Or how the story of the alleged Jesus mirrors so many other myths.
I'm thinking of Mithra, in particular.

Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
Solon Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-09-05 12:46 PM
Response to Reply #49
51. Also teach them in school that the Rabbit(Hare)...
is a fertility symbol for the Goddess Eostre, who also contributed the name, plus the date is no coincidence either. We also get to teach them exactly what fertility means in this context too. ;) That'll make the Fundies head spin. :)
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
dkofos Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-09-05 12:49 PM
Response to Original message
52. Good for them
Teach facts not BS
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
zanne Donating Member (1000+ posts) Send PM | Profile | Ignore Sun Oct-09-05 01:18 PM
Response to Original message
53. We're officially "backward" now
And we're not even quaint or interesting like most backward countries. We've chosen ignorance.
Printer Friendly | Permalink |  | Top
 
DU AdBot (1000+ posts) Click to send private message to this author Click to view 
this author's profile Click to add 
this author to your buddy list Click to add 
this author to your Ignore list Wed Apr 24th 2024, 04:07 PM
Response to Original message
Advertisements [?]
 Top

Home » Discuss » Latest Breaking News Donate to DU

Powered by DCForum+ Version 1.1 Copyright 1997-2002 DCScripts.com
Software has been extensively modified by the DU administrators


Important Notices: By participating on this discussion board, visitors agree to abide by the rules outlined on our Rules page. Messages posted on the Democratic Underground Discussion Forums are the opinions of the individuals who post them, and do not necessarily represent the opinions of Democratic Underground, LLC.

Home  |  Discussion Forums  |  Journals |  Store  |  Donate

About DU  |  Contact Us  |  Privacy Policy

Got a message for Democratic Underground? Click here to send us a message.

© 2001 - 2011 Democratic Underground, LLC