Foreign Currency Piles Up in China
Reserve Fund Soared to Record in 2005
By Peter S. Goodman
Washington Post Foreign Service
Tuesday, January 17, 2006; Page D01
SHANGHAI, Jan. 16 -- China's state media on Monday reported that the country's foreign currency reserves swelled by more than one-third last year to a record $819 billion as its factories churned out goods for markets around the world, heightening the likelihood of fresh trade tensions with the United States.
Coupled with news only days earlier that China's world trade surplus tripled last year, to $102 billion, the country's burgeoning foreign exchange reserves seemed certain to intensify demands that China increase the value of its currency, the yuan, the worth of which is linked to the dollar. U.S. manufacturing groups argue that China's currency is priced too low, making its goods unfairly cheap on world markets. Lawmakers in Congress have pressed a bill that would impose across-the-board punitive tariffs on all Chinese goods unless the country substantially raises the value of its currency.
"This could give the senators more meat for their argument," said Stephen Green, a senior economist with the bank Standard Chartered PLC in Shanghai.
Chinese officials braced for further conflicts with the United States, particularly as many economists anticipate that the country's trade surplus will widen. A flood of investment into industries such as steel, automobile manufacturing and electronics has erected too many factories and produced more goods than China can absorb, sending prices falling while encouraging Chinese firms to seek sales abroad. Diminished profits and slowing investment temper China's demand for machinery and raw materials, limiting the need for imports....
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China argues that it is being used as a scapegoat in Washington for the decline of U.S. manufacturing: The flow of capital to lower-cost manufacturing areas is a global phenomenon that is transferring jobs not only to China, but also to Latin America, Eastern Europe, India and Southeast Asia. About two-thirds of China's exports are produced in factories that are financed at least in part with foreign investment, undercutting the notion that this country's growing trade is coming at the expense of everybody else....
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