The most serious offense for 65% of women in federal prisons and 31.5% of women in state prisons is violation of drug laws.
"During 2004 the number of women under the jurisdiction of State or Federal prison authorities increased 4.0% (table 5). The number of men in prison rose 1.8%. At yearend 2004, 104,848 women and 1,391,781 men were in prison."
"From 1995 to 2004 the annual growth of the female inmate population averaged 4.8%, higher than the 3.1% increase in male inmate population. By yearend 2004 women accounted for 7.0% of all prisoners, up from 6.1% in 1995 and 5.7% in 1990."
Women are the fastest growing and least violent segment of prison and jail populations. 85.1% of female jail inmates are behind bars for nonviolent offenses.From 1986 (the year mandatory sentencing was enacted) to 1996, the number of women sentenced to state prison for drug crimes increased ten fold (from around 2,370 to 23,700) and has been the main element in the overall increase in the imprisonment of women.
From 1985 to 1996, female drug arrests increased by 95%, while male drug arrests increased by 55.1%.
Between 1990 and 1996, the number of women convicted of drug felonies increased by 37% (from 43,000 in 1990 to 59,536 in 1996). The number of convictions for simple possession increased 41% over that period, from 18,438 in 1990 to 26,022 in 1996.
In 1997 a US Justice Department investigation of women's prisons in Arizona concluded that the authorities failed to protect women from sexual misconduct by correctional officers and other staff. The misconduct included rape, sexual relationships, sexual touching and fondling, and "without good reason, frequent, prolonged, close-up and prurient viewing during dressing, showing and use of toilet facilities." (CIV97-476, US District of Arizona).
Sick and pregnant women are routinely shackled during hospitalization and childbirth if they are inmates of prisons or jails in the USA.
Approximately 516,200 women on probation (72% of the total), 44,700 women in local jails (70% of the total), 49,200 women in State prisons (65% of the total), and 5,400 women in Federal prisons (59% of the total) have minor children.
http://www.drugwarfacts.org/women.htmMandatory minimums have not actually reduced sentencing discretion. Control has merely been transferred from judges to prosecutors.
"After eleven years, it should be obvious that the system has failed and that it cannot be fixed - even by the Supreme Court - because the criminal justice system has been distorted: the enhanced power of the prosecutor in sentencing has diminished the traditional role of the judge. The result has been even less fairness, and a huge rise in the prison population."
Fifty-five percent (55%) of all federal drug defendants are low-level offenders, such as mules or street-dealers. Only 11% are classified as high-level dealers.
According to the U.S. Sentencing Commission, only 5.5% of federal crack defendants are considered high-level crack dealers.
Since the enactment of mandatory minimum sentencing for drug users, the Federal Bureau of Prisons budget increased by more than 1,350%, from $220 million in 1986 to about $3.19 billion in 1997.
http://www.drugwarfacts.org/mandator.htmInnocently participated in organised crime? Your ideas are rooted in the deeply sexist assumption that women do not make their own decisions and are simply dragged about by men.Your issues of projection aside, Should you have the misfortune of getting involved with someone involved with drugs (selling) and you answer her phone while at her home and take a message, do you really think you should serve the same exact sentence as her? for a phone message? This isn't organized crime, it's prisons as business. Nothing better for the business than long term non violent offenders. Bigger profit with less staff.