(Tracy Barnett/Express-News)
The ombu tree, dubbed El Arbol de la Esperanza or 'Tree of Hope,' was once an instrument of torture, and the sculpture takes the place of a parking lot where prisoners were run over.Chile's human rights tours, independence celebration reveal a country's healing process
Web Posted: 11/18/2006 03:38 PM CST
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The peaceful garden quickly transforms into a surreal landscape of terror as the stories of my tour guide unfold. The graceful ombu tree, dubbed El Arbol de la Esperanza, the tree of hope, that became an instrument of torture for prisoners who hanged there by their arms, sometimes for days. And the tiled sculpture covers the parking lot where soldiers drove repeatedly over the broken bodies of the detained in an effort to extract more information about the resistance to Pinochet's military government.
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Tower of death
Carolina Urzua, my guide, takes on a detached air as she chronicles the events that unfolded here, frozen in time through the diorama at the park's center and the innocuous-looking wooden structures on the perimeter. On the left of the grassy walkway, for example, is one of the tiny wooden holding cells, where four or five prisoners were held for months in a space the size of a telephone booth. On the other side of the park looms "La Torre," a narrow tower where prisoners would be taken for interrogation — many of them never to be seen again.
The walls of the dark, stifling tower were lined with drawings depicting military officers and their terrified prisoners, along with the tools of torture — such as the "parrilla" or metal grill where they would chain the prisoners while they applied electrical shocks to their bodies. For greater effectiveness, some of these devices had two levels so that friends and family members could be held and tortured together, one above the other. At this point I'm feeling ill — I really don't want to hear any more — but Urzua presses on.
On the second and third floors are the cupboard-sized sliding doors that raise to reveal the tiny spaces where battered prisoners were squeezed, sardine-like, to await further torture and interrogation. And at the top, a lookout tower where soldiers kept vigil over the entire complex.
Back down the narrow stairs and into the fresh air is the pool where, Urzua explains, the spouses and children of the officers would come on the weekends to swim and relax.
"It was so strange," says Urzua. "The families would come here over the weekend to entertain themselves out in the country, and things were so hidden that most of them had no idea what was going on here right around them."
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http://www.mysanantonio.com/salife/travel/stories/MYSA111906.1Q.santiago.1408d04.html~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Villa Grimaldi, Tower of Death NATIONAL STADIUM
(Avenida Grecia 2001, Ñuñoa)
"It is impossible not to ponder the history of the National Stadium: it was a refuge for Europeans fleeing Nazism in the Second World War; it was a joyous site of celebration when Chile won third place in the 1962 World Cup; it was made into a camp for the imprisoned, tortured and executed in 1973; it received the simple kiss of reparation from Pope John Paul II on soil that knew too much sorrow; it danced the "cueca" alone on March 12, 1990 in the days of “the fair and good homeland,” when Aylwin assumed power; it vibrated with music and human rights during the Amnesty International concert at the beginning of this decade. The National Stadium has more history than meets the eye."
(Augusto Góngora, La Tercera February 13, 1998, following a concert there by the U2 rock group, in which the
Relatives of the Families of the Disappeared came on stage to draw attention to their cause)
"Every night we would hear the screams of the workers who were executed in the east wing of the National Stadium in Santiago. The next day, the blood stains were washed away with hoses. Every day, observers would see a pile of shoes that had been worn by the victims of the previous night."
(Pablo Antillano, Venezuelan journalist in the Morning Star,
September 28, 1973. Chile. Libro Negro)
Between September 12 and 13, the National Stadium was turned into what would be the largest detention camp in Santiago. The Red Cross International estimates there were about 7,000 prisoners there as of September 22, and 200 to 300 of those were not Chilean citizens. The Army controlled the National Stadium and brought in prisoners from all over Santiago.
The National Stadium prisoners slept in the locker rooms and in the tower room, both places without beds. The women's areas did have sleeping mats. Some charitable international organizations subsequently donated blankets, which were in any case insufficient for the large number of people confined there. The prisoners were held incomunicado, without authorization to recieve visits from family members or lawyers, or any outside person. Prisoners' families were only allowed to take them clothing and food.
"Prisoners began to arrive at the National Stadium from all directions..."
(Read the testimony of Alberto Gamboa taken from his book Un Viaje por el Infierno,
volume I, published by La Partida, 1984.)
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http://www.chipsites.com/derechos/campo_santiago_estadio_nacional_eng.html