http://www.answers.com/topic/reason1. The basis or motive for an action, decision, or conviction. See Usage Note at because, why.
2. A declaration made to explain or justify action, decision, or conviction: inquired about her reason for leaving.
3. An underlying fact or cause that provides logical sense for a premise or occurrence: There is reason to believe that the accused did not commit this crime.
4. The capacity for logical, rational, and analytic thought; intelligence.
5. Good judgment; sound sense.
6. A normal mental state; sanity: He has lost his reason.
7. Logic. A premise, usually the minor premise, of an argument.
Reason and the Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was critical in furthering the process, begun three centuries earlier, that altered the understanding of reason and, by empirically connecting it to nature, established reason as the alternative authority to both Christian revelation and speculative, metaphysical theory. The so-called Age of Reason may thus be described as a methodological revolution that, in effect, redeemed reason's authority by countering rationalism. Reason was set apart from the natural world so that it might observe and know it, and the method of knowing, in turn, was itself key in shaping the world one knew. More completely than before, Enlightenment thinkers separated the natural world, which they could observe, reason about, and know authoritatively, from the supernatural world, of which humans could have no certain knowledge. Authority, based on experience and a reason guided by the senses, was limited—or even, as some claimed, arbitrary—but it had thereby become less susceptible to skepticism.
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this is what i found for islam
http://uk.geocities.com/limerickphilos/AVERROES.htmIn defending a consistent Aristotelianism, Averroes is critical of philosophical compromises made in the name of theological orthodoxy. What is most significant about this defence of philosophy is that Averroes defends it through recourse to the Koran. The study of philosophy Averroes argues is imperative according to Islamic doctrine. He begins by defining philosophy as “the investigation of existing entities insofar as they point to the Maker, I mean insofar as they are made, since existing entities exhibit the Maker” (Fakhry, p. 2). He then cites two passages from the Koran, verse 59:2, which urges “people of understanding to reflect” and verse 7:184 which asks “ have they not considered the kingdom of the heavens and the earth and all the things God has created?” (Fakhry Intro to Abrah, . 2). He also importantly distinguishes between two different kinds of passage in scripture; those which the Koran refers to as “unambiguous” (which must be interpreted literally) and those which are “ambiguous” (Fakhry, p. 3), which must be reflected on and interpreted. The Koran refers to the interpretation of ambiguity as “imperative” and also clarifies that this interpretation can be done by “only God and those well-grounded in knowledge” (p. 3). This phrase allows Averroes to introduce his very important distinction between different discourses on truth and interpretation, his so-called three-tiered conception of truth.
http://www.asmabarlas.com/TALKS/Oregon.pdfMy point is that conservatives safeguard dominant readings of the Qur’an (and
thus sexual discrimination), as well as their own authority by moving from text
to tradition to reason without engaging the critiques directed at them and
without opening up text, tradition, or reason themselves to critique.
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i find it difficult to locate reason in the Channeling of a personality from the 700's ,who was of questionable mental health by todays standards
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