n the May 2008 issue of ScubaDiving is an article about sunscreen ingredients that awaken dormant viruses and kill the symbiotic algae that live in coral polyps. Without the algae, the coral bleaches and dies. The oil in sunscreens also floats on the surface of the water long enough to affect the flow of oxygen.
What to do? Choose sunscreens without derivatives of paraben, cinnamate, benzophenone, and camphor; these are chemical filters that absorb UV radiation. Instead, use sunscreens containing physical filters that scatter and reflect UV, such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.
http://www.bonairetalk.com/newsgroup/messages/366674/367303.html?1213983382Another article:
http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS74491+11-Feb-2008+PRN20080211Choose Biodegradable Sunscreen to Save Coral Reefs<snip>
The four harmful chemicals include three sun blockers -- octinoxate,
oxybenzone and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor -- and the preservative
butylparaben.
According to the Environmental Working Group's Skin Deep database
(skindeep.ewg.org), the reef-damaging ingredients are also linked to cancer,
allergic reactions, endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity and reproductive harm
in humans.
What can an eco-conscious sun lover do? Ferreira, who grew up in Brazil
and now lives in Florida, offers these tips:
* Choose a sunscreen with titanium dioxide and zinc oxide as active
ingredients. These minerals scatter and reflect UVA and UVB rays, while
petrochemicals absorb them.
* Read the label carefully -- many "natural" brands contain the
ingredients scientists say cause coral to bleach and die.
* Choose a biodegradable sunscreen whose ingredients break down in
seawater.
* Beware of sunscreens that claim to be waterproof. "In chemistry there is
one law: similar dissolves similar," Dr. Ferreira notes. "Sixty percent
of sunscreen is water. The truth is, when synthetic sunscreen comes in
contact with water, it breaks down and washes away."
* Apply sunscreen 30 minutes before exposure, and reapply every 45
minutes.
* Cover up with a hat or rash guard with an SPF rating.