At 1:00 a.m. on the morning of November 28, 1989, a strange sight rolled out of a back entrance of the AeroVironment building into a dark alley. A doorless shell of raw green fiberglass on wheels, it rolled with a slight whine, but no engine noise, to the end of the alley and back. It wasn't a car yet. But its batteries and inverter and motor all worked. Thrilled, the engineers took turns whipping around the parking lot with squeals of burning rubber. Every time it took off, the car pinned the delighted driver against his seat. A gas engine took a few long seconds to reach its peak power. This thing flew forward as fast as the current could reach the wheels, which was to say, instantly.
As soon as its doors were affixed, the car was taken by flatbed truck to GM's desert proving grounds in Mesa, Arizona. It weighed in at a remarkably light 2,200 pounds, including its 843 pounds of batteries. On the track, it jumped from 0--60 in 7.9 seconds--faster than such sporty gas cars as a Mazda Miata or Nissan 300 ZX--and quickly reached 75 miles per hour, the top speed allowed by its controller software. On a highway range test, it went 124 miles at 55 miles per hour; on an urban range test, one with lots of stopping and starting to simulate city traffic, it did nearly as well. That was extraordinary. A gas car had at least a 300-mile range on the open road. In the city, however, its range was sharply diminished as it idled at stops and used extra fuel to accelerate. Slowing, the Santana car recouped energy from its regen braking. Stopped, it consumed no energy at all.
We all know what became of that effort, though.