2,700-year-old marijuana stash found

[Ichingcarpenter]

Source: THE CANADIAN PRESS

OTTAWA – Researchers say they have located the world's oldest stash of marijuana, in a tomb in a remote part of China.

The cache of cannabis is about 2,700 years old and was clearly "cultivated for psychoactive purposes," rather than as fibre for clothing or as food, says a research paper in the Journal of Experimental Botany.

The 789 grams of dried cannabis was buried alongside a light-haired, blue-eyed Caucasian man, likely a shaman of the Gushi culture, near Turpan in northwestern China.

The extremely dry conditions and alkaline soil acted as preservatives, allowing a team of scientists to carefully analyze the stash, which still looked green though it had lost its distinctive odour.

"To our knowledge, these investigations provide the oldest documentation of cannabis as a pharmacologically active agent," says the newly published paper, whose lead author was American neurologist Dr. Ethan B. Russo.

Remnants of cannabis have been found in ancient Egypt and other sites, and the substance has been referred to by authors such as the Greek historian Herodotus. But the tomb stash is the oldest so far that could be thoroughly tested for its properties.

Read more: http://www.torontosun.com/news/weird/2008/11/27/7557641.html

[Cronus Protagonist]

1. I'll help them test that

Where can I volunteer?

[CatWoman]

39. LOL - Out of the way!!!

me first!!!! :)

[zogtheobvious]

45. *ffffffft! Ffffffft!!* *hic* *hic* *hic* *COFF COFF COFF!!!!*

(Turns bleary eyes on forum posters) You mean I was supposed to wait for volunteers?

[file83]

131. Are you gonna wait 2700 years before you pass the dutchie pon the left hand side?

Puff, Puff, GIVE!! Puff, Puff, GIVE!!!
:smoke:

[zogtheobvious]

144. 'ere. ;)

:smoke:

[Chovexani]

165. Yeah really

Don't fuck up the rotation!

[MineralMan]

66. This was left out of the story

"Although the scientists were unable to germinate any of the seeds found in this stash, Professor Wang Chung said, 'We found that the case of Hostess Twinkies found next to the bag of marijuana was still quite edible.'"

[sellitman]

120. Another omitted find is......

The 27,000 year old Greatful Dead album left there nearly intact.

[iamthebandfanman]

94. trust me, you dont want to

ive found that pot doesnt age well with time... back in the late 90s i was able to smoke some from 1984.... i almost choked to death off of one hit and i didnt even get high.. lol... awful experience

[99th_Monkey]

112. Kinda the inverse of how the aging factor enhances & amplifies wines and such. Interesting. ~nt~

[Torn_Scorned_Ignored]

137. back in 84

we always said, thanks for the chokes. :hippie:

[mitchtv]

2. I lost some over there a while back

I forget when

[targetpractice]

73. This cracks me up each time I revisit this thread! n/t

[Taverner]

3. Everybody must get stoned

Cannabis has been used for centuries both for medicinal and recreational purposes. Still has never killed anyone.

[Froward69]

70. 27 centuries so far...

Thats what i for got to do bye everyone i am off to puff puff...:think: B-) :7 :7 :7 :hippie: :hippie: :crazy: :silly: :thumbsup: :hi: :boring: :boring: :boring: :boring: :boring: :boring: :boring:

[prayin4rain]

134. They'll stone you when you're send down in your grave :) n/t

[Cleita]

4. It seems our Indo-European ancestors liked to use it in rituals as

written about by the Greek historian Herodotus. I often wonder if the vapors of the Delphi Oracle weren't enhanced with cannabis.

[RobertDevereaux]

24. Years ago, I researched the Delphic Oracle...

...for a novel, Oedipus Aroused, that was never published.

The use of psychotropic substances, breathed in with the vapors, was definitely one theory.

Not cannabis, though.

[KittyWampus]

50. it was petrochemical fumes coming up from fault lines in the earth- ethylene

Now, however, a geologist, an archaeologist, a chemist and a toxicologist have teamed up to produce a wealth of evidence suggesting the ancients had it exactly right. The region's underlying rocks turn out to be composed of oily limestone fractured by two hidden faults that cross exactly under the ruined temple, creating a path by which petrochemical fumes could rise to the surface to help induce visions.

In particular, the team found that the oracle probably came under the influence of ethylene -- a sweet-smelling gas once used as an anesthetic. In light doses, it produces feelings of aloof euphoria.

[Cleita]

81. That's what they say, but I think they added to that.

The ancient Scythians burned marijuana seeds on open fires on burners and breathed in the fumes tenting cloths to catch all the smoke. I think the Delphians did the same to make the euphoria even better, sort of like taking your valium with a glass of wine.

[kestrel91316]

95. The SEEDS??? Eeewwwwww. Probably the stems, too. Idiots.

[Cobalt-60]

161. that's almost certainly the buds

Some sources do say seeds, but I think that's slightly mis translated.
Seeds do little more than pop and reek .
But the flower around the seeds is another matter.
They would have known that.
It's said Delphi might have been a case of ethylene inhalation.

[1monster]

132. Ethylene = Ether as anesthetic: I was six years old in hospital for minor surgery.

(Remember the days when they took out our tonsils assembly-line style? My five-year old sister and I were in at the same time)

Ether was their anaesthetic of choice.

"Count backwards from 100 dear," said the Nun/Nurse as she placed something over my mouth and nose.

"100, ninety-nine, niiiintyyy-aaaaaa."

It wasn't all that long ago that ether was used regularly.

Dangerous stuff, it was also known for a time as "sweet vitriol."

[Mari333]

5. give it back

[Fridays Child]

6. ...

:spray:

[Window]

57. OMG! Too funny.

:rofl:

[NikolaC]

130. OMG, LOL

:rofl::rofl::rofl:

[ksimons]

7. I'm sure someone there said 'let's try it' and will never admit it

but look into their eyes - you'll know which ones did it

[Seldona]

84. You think they didn't?

Something tells me they were a few grams short when turning it in. Can you imagine?

lol

[bleever]

8. Good times;

good times.

:)

[Liberal Veteran]

9. Oh, yeah....I left that there in a previous life.

I'm glad they found it, I've been wondering what I did with it.

[Why Syzygy]

10. What would his sentence be

if they discovered him holding today?

[clixtox]

11. I wonder if it is "sinsemilla"?

Were there big stems or was the stash all buds?

I wonder if the original amount could have been a kilogram?

Do you think there could have been a 20% "shrinkage" from evaporation in 2700 years?

Our stupid "pot" laws have created much more trouble for many more people than the smoking of "pot" ever caused!

The worst part of our prohibition is that we have exported our inane laws to much of the rest of the world.

The USA has coerced the world into following our lead to outlaw cannabis consumption.

[jkirch]

44. Clearly not Sensi...

...The article says there were seeds in the stash.

[reggie the dog]

115. the missing two hundred or so grams

were smoked by each scientist rolling up a bunch of joints.

[spiritual_gunfighter]

138. and

Why is alcohol legal and pot illegal?

[bagrman]

151. Mother Nature made Pot and man made booze, which do you trust.

[DeSwiss]

12. Proud to kick this post....

...the the GREATEST PAGE!!!!

[balantz]

13. The Scythian and Sarmatian shamans used it in that region.

Here are burners that were found in graves dating back some 2,000-3,000 years or so. The shaman would put his/her head into the opening of a small tent-like structure containing such a burner and inhale the hemp vapors. He/she would then cast and read oracle bones and other such shamanic activities.

[bluesmail]

14. HA!

[xchrom]

15. recommend

[nebenaube]

16. not really

the Smithsonian has a 10,000 yr old paleolithic mummy that carried his in a corn husk and used a palm pipe. It used to be on display near the entrance to the Native American wing of the Natural History museum.

[balantz]

19. It wasn't in the Americas until settlers brought it over.

"Cultivated Cannabis quickly spread westward from its native Asia and by Roman times hemp was grown in almost every European country. In Africa, marijuana was the preferred product, smoked both ritually and for pleasure. When the first colonists came to America they, quite naturally, brought hemp seed with them for rope and homespun cloth. Hemp fiber for ships’ rigging was so important to the English navy that colonists were paid bounties to grow hemp and in some states, penalties were imposed on those who didn’t. Prior to the Civil War, the hemp industry was second only to cotton in the South."

http://www.mellowgold.com/grow/mjbotany-removed/

[dixiegrrrrl]

27. Finally, an explanation why Southerners are so friendly.

[nebenaube]

82. yes..

Did you happen to see the documentry 'Ice age Americans'? They showed a projectile point and said it was 14,000-16000 years old. I have one of those projectile points and it was found in Fauquire County Va.
Also, I've heard thet story you relate a million times and then I saw the mummy and his artifacts... As I mentioned here: http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=218x1844#2306 You can believe what you want. I do have a closeup picture of the corn husk some where in the attic and in the corn husk are two extremely dry healthy sized 'choice' looking buds. The mummy is gone. 're-interred' if I recall correctly. I wish I could find that damn picture.

[balantz]

98. Well that's an interesting story. I have no reason to disbelieve it. n/t

[aquart]

17. The first hippie.

[Richard D]

18. No 2,700 year old bong?

[ooglymoogly]

20. This is criminal....it is time to get the narks involved

and destroy this archaeological wonder.

[hvn_nbr_2]

59. Do Mormons do posthumous incarceration? nt

[valerief]

153. LOL!!!

[BelgianMadCow]

21. ah the strain Old Musty turned up!

;-)

R'd for fun

[LaurenG]

22. How could they tell he was blue eyed?

After 2700 years wouldn't the eyes be...gone?

Good story - thanks for posting it.

[PatSeg]

25. You too?

That was the first thing that popped into my head. I went to the original article to see if there was any explanation, but to no avail.

[librechik]

107. There are lots of mummies in this region--I think they can tell eye color

in a mummified corpse. besides , we know this ethnic group looked like--likely horse-riding raiders from the arctic circle who settled in that part of northern China.

[balantz]

29. Many northwestern Chinese "scythian" tombs have been frozen in permafrost for the duration.

Southwestern Chinese caucasian mummies were preserved having been dried in the desert. It is hard to see how the eyes could be preserved though.

[LaurenG]

30. Those are amazing!

I bet the folks who excavated them were really happy.

[balantz]

32. They are amazing, aren't they?

The famous 1950's Pazyryk excavations just the other side of the Altai mountains yielded frozen tombs with mummies of chieftans that were covered in tattoos of writhing, mythological beasts. In fact, many of the preserved caucasian mummies from that region had tattoos.

[LaurenG]

35. That's an interesting one. Thanks!

Did you know we have an anthropology group - You seem to know a great deal about mummies/tombs/excavations and in case you didn't know and want to go there here's the link.
http://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=show_topics&forum=397

[balantz]

38. Thanks, I'll check it out. n/t

[TomInTib]

100. A friend of mine has an almost complete human skin...

Covered with tattoos, dried much like a stretched and tanned cape.

Even the penis of the damned thing is covered in tattoos.

It is actually kind of spooky.

[balantz]

102. Where and when is it from? n/t

[TomInTib]

105. I am not sure.

She is my partner (biz), and collects Pan-Asian artifacts.

And she has a whole trove of that sort of thing.

I, on the other hand, am not into the History aspect of it. But the weirdness of it all intrigues me.

[balantz]

106. Your business partner sounds like an interesting person! n/t

[waiting for hope]

90. China's Secret Mummies:

Nat Geo had a wonderful documentary on the find and what the anthropologists/archaeologists thought of their existence and culture.

http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/explorer/3094/Overview#tab-Videos/03180_05

[balantz]

101. Great link WFH. A really cool video there, thanks. n/t

[LaurenG]

123. I wish I had seen the whole thing.

I find this very interesting. Thank you for the link.

[waiting for hope]

149. I just searched the schedule -

and the last date posted is Dec 16. You may want to check over there periodically to see when it will air again. It really was good. :)

[kestrel91316]

96. That was my question. I bet they pondered his eye color at length

while testing the stash, and came to the inescapable conclusion that since his hair was light he MUST have been blue-eyed. And then they ate ALL the brownies and went to bed.

[California Griz]

143. I'm no expert but

I think a DNA test can determine eye color

[LaurenG]

147. You're right - they can, mostly. This was surprising information.

What DNA can tell us


<snip>

Eye colour

At least four genes work together to determine your eye colour. By analysing these genes scientists can classify someone into one of three eye-colour groups - light (blue and grey), dark (black and brown), or hazel - with 97% certainty.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/apr/27/genetics.cancer

[RobertDevereaux]

23. Great!

Now can we finally decriminalize the stuff??!!

[northofdenali]

158. Believe it or not.............

The state that gave you Sarah Palin (DO WE HAVE TO TAKE HER BACK) also gives you legal, in-home use of the Great Herb. Not just medicinal, either!

Anchorage, Alaska: In a decision released on August 29, the Alaska Court of Appeals has upheld a 1975 state Supreme Court decision holding that the right to privacy in the state Constitution precludes any penalty against private use and possession of marijuana by adults. The decision also struck down a 1990 state initiative that attempted to recriminalize marijuana, on the basis that the initiative-passed statute conflicts with the state Constitution.

"With regard to possession of marijuana by adults in their homes for personal use, (the law) must be interpreted to prohibit only the possession of four ounces or more of marijuana," wrote Court of Appeals Judge David Stewart in the unanimous decision. The law also allows cultivation of marijuana for personal use.

http://norml.org/index.cfm?Group_ID=5743


So, Alaska giveth with one hand.............. :P

[FloridaJudy]

26. I wonder how they tested that....

"Hi. This is the Neurology Department. Could you send someone over with a dozen mushroom and jalapeño pizzas and four six-packs of Pepsi? Oh, and if you got any Cheeto's, that'd be great too". :rofl:

[mtnester]

116. Excuse me, no ice cream?

or ANYTHING sweet?


Man...

[NinetySix]

28. Dude.

n/t

[burythehatchet]

31. Best. Weed. Rationing. Plan. Ever.

[xxqqqzme]

33. Soon to be a major tourist area -

'...The region of China where the tomb is located, Xinjiang, is considered an original source of many cannabis strains worldwide...'

[madrchsod]

34. probaly better than the mexican crap i`ve tasted

[Hissyspit]

36. Incidentally, the discovery during the excavation occurred precisely at 4:20 p.m.

[northofdenali]

159. ROFL! Hissy, you've got my keyboard covered with Pepsi -

AGAIN! :rofl::thumbsup::hippie::thumbsup::rofl:

[Hissyspit]

162. I got a DUzy for it, too.

I hope I didn't ruin JeffR's keyboard. :D

[Hissyspit]

37. 2,700-year-old bag of Lay's potato chips uncovered nearby.

[file83]

133. LOL

:rofl:

Right next to a vile of what appears to be a primitive solution of Visine.

[AsahinaKimi]

40. I smell another Indiana Jones Adventure in the works...

The Legend of the Lost Bong of Turpan...

[Shardik]

41. Not even that could give me the munchies...

after the meal I just ate.

But wow! That's amazing.

[foxfeet]

42. The Chinese government says,

"He didn't inhale."

[whistler162]

43. Firgures.....

A westerner introducing drugs to a unsuspecting culture!

MAN... we always get the bum rap!

;)

[undeterred]

46. Does marijuana get better by being aged?

Pharmaceutically speaking, I mean.

[BelgianMadCow]

51. yes it does! this might be a lil much,

but if it was dark, cool and dry...
:smoke:

[bitchkitty]

163. NO

It gets better by being properly cured. Time degrades all vegetable matter, including trichomes...

In fact, it's probably got some nasty mold on it.

If you want to experience "pharmaceutical" marijuana, come to Oregon.

[POAS]

164. Hey, the dude is 2700 years dead I don't think

he'll mind a little mold in his weed!

[IndianaGreen]

47. "a light-haired, blue-eyed Caucasian man"

George Carlin

[Ellen Forradalom]

88. bwahahaha

Right on!

[LuckyLib]

99. Can you imagine the great tales Carlin would tell about this story? It makes me smile to imagine

what he could do with this!

[AnnieBW]

148. George is probably toking up with that dude right now

Sitting up on a roof and sharing a pipe.

[FVZA_Colonel]

111. NOOO!!! RUFUS!!!

;(

[cbc5g]

48. well they got the seeds, they should grow that shit and see if it was a good strain

[stlsaxman]

65. enter it in The Cannabis Cup!

see how it stands up to The White Widow...

dude, that would RAWK!!!

[northofdenali]

160. Duuude -

Matanuska Thunderfuck! :hippie: !!!

[Mabus]

49. I know my dealer said he was running a little late

and now I know why. Guess it is time to call the back-up guy.

[Jackpine Radical]

52. That's the worst part of getting wrecked.

You forget where you put your stash. Sometimes they stay lost for a REALLY long time.

[rocktivity]

145. A couple came home to find their stash missing and called the cops

which leads me to believe they actually smoked it all and forgot.

:headbang:
rocknation

[Titonwan]

53. Sure. That's what they ALL say.

Yeah, it's 789 grams NOW. They're not talking about the 500 kilo's the scientists took home to "test". lol.

[Warren DeMontague]

54. Well, obviously it's a dangerous substance, easily worth the $40 Billion a yr we spend fighting it.

I mean, look-- whoever was smoking it is DEAD NOW! See what pot does, kids?

[pattmarty]

68. Yep, that's why "they" call it dope.

[nradisic]

55. Very cool...

Smoke 'em if you got 'em!

[Blue_Tires]

56. i've been telling people for YEARS that Jesus got high every day

now his super-secret reserve stash has been found as proof!

[rug]

58. Also found was an arrest warrant for Tom-mee Chong.

[NoodleyAppendage]

60. Cheech Mandrin & Tommy Zchong n/t

J

[arcane1]

61. "Scientists also tried to germinate 100 of the seeds found in the cache, without success."

LMAO! :D

[downindixie]

62. It seems like it been

that long since I've had a nice doobie!

[Ezlivin]

63. The Dude abides

[mike_c]

69. indeed he does....

:smoke:

[Orrex]

64. Archaeologists confirm that Dave was not there, man.

:hippie:
:smoke:

[Highway61]

126. Dude

:rofl:

[machI]

67. In his statement to the police, the dead, light-haired, blue-eyed Caucasian man said,

"Its not mine man. I tell you I was only holding it for a friend. It's not mine!"

[Vinnie From Indy]

71. The scientists knew they were onto something when

they realized that the tomb was designed to funnel light through tubes holding amethyst crystals thereby enabling the mummy to spend eternity with his black light on! Also discovered close to the body was a huge pile of bags that at one time contained seasoned corn chips which scientists believe to be very similar to our Doritos or Fritos.

[Wetzelbill]

72. This belongs in the Lounge

:smoke:

[sellitman]

74. The real story is the 27,000 year old Twinkie pack found with the Reefer.

Scientists think it show an ancient case of the munchies.

[leveymg]

122. Still fresh.

Those things are packed with preservatives. Just the thing for the munchies during an eternal afterlife.

Buy some extra boxes.

[Oldenuff]

75. Is there any truth to the rumor

That DEA agents have been dispatched to confiscate the stash,and take the remains into custody?Does anyone else expect the government to try to link Cannabis use and death because of this discovery..LOL

[Kindigger]

118. Unfortunately

the mummy, which was in perfect condition, was ruined by an overzealous DEA agent. As he put the cuffs on, its hands fell off, hit the ground, and immediately turned to dust.

[Botany]

76. The man has been good to his stash

1.7 LBS lasted 2,700 years ..... the stuff must be wicked strong

[liberal N proud]

77. Wow man

[scarletwoman]

78. See, man, this is what I'm talking about. You know, the long historical -- it's like this, uh, thing

like a line -- no wait, it's like a fractal... like a holographic fractal... Oh man... See, that's the beauty of it, you know? It's the connection, man. This is, like, so heavy! So, when you see the pattern, that long historical... you know like a telescope looking back through time... and there's mirrors so it's not a straight line, and then you're looking at yourself, too... Yeah, man, and then, you know, there are no corners, just a big round circle... or like a spiral... And there it is, it's all so fucking clear... we're just spinning through this spiral thing, you know... We're all stardust... and then there's the music and the art and the free spirits... and good things to eat... like chocolate chip cookies...

Oh, wait -- what were we talking about?

[kestrel91316]

97. Best. Post. Ever.

HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA!!!!!!!

Sad that many people won't get it........

We solved all the mysteries of quantum physics late at night in college, sounding just like that, and the couldn't remember it in the morning.

[Zhade]

109. I am so hitting the bong after reading that.

Wow, man. : D

[fla nocount]

121. Have you ever looked at your thumbs man.....

I mean, really LOOKED at them?

[Highway61]

127. That is great

Oh man, this is the best post :rofl:

[Political_Junkie]

128. Oh my God,

I'm in tears here... :rofl: I've sooo been there...

[Hugin]

135. It's beautiful, man. I'm seeing the connections in that... stuff. Then there's all of the...

Uh, will you like be needing the rest of that?

It's just beautiful.

I'm hungry.

[LynzM]

139. I'm lmao over here...

I love that feeling... :D

[Lasher]

79. If memory serves, this would date back to the Bhang Dynasty.

:hippie:

[sunnystarr]

83. Thanks for straightening me out ... I thought it dated back to the Bhong Dynasty .. my mistake (nt)

[navarth]

80. DAMMIT!!!!

You guys have used EVERY punch line I've thought of ALREADY!! Where's them papers.....

[47of74]

85. Question.

Does this stuff get better with age?

[DBoon]

86. They found John McCain's stash!

I knew he was hiding something from the press!

[Ellen Forradalom]

87. Oh wow.

That's Chinese for DUUUUUUDE

[gatorboy]

89. Captain...CAVE MAAAAAAN!!!!

Is stoned.

[Oldtimeralso]

91. Come On It was for Medical Use Only.

He had a script for it.

[tekisui]

92. Beautiful.

Just beautiful. :smoke:

[Poll_Blind]

93. Shaman or dealer? Is there really a difference?

PB

[AsahinaKimi]

103. The Cheech and Chong bong.. ^^

I just found this..^^

[concerned canadian]

104. here's hoping that the new Obama administration ends the war on drugs

Cannabis in particular is and has been a potent medicinal herb that's been revered for ages. Locking people up for wanting to

get high in the privacy of their own homes, or having it in their possession (even if it is to make a few bucks, so what...

'money has been made' in much more nefarious ways, as we all know) is cruel and inhumane.

[Bluenorthwest]

119. Seconded

He must end the war on Cannabis.

[The Doctor.]

108. "The unknown man has been charged with possession." nt

[Eugenian]

110. Two questions.

(1) How do they know his eyes were blue?

(2) Shouldn't they be red?

[Hubert Flottz]

113. Also found near the body were several packs of Zig Zags and a

small bag of superstones and a Mary Gin...

[reggie the dog]

114. I got some papers

I would love to see if that weed still tasted good and got me high. Seriously I would love to get ahold of those seeds and try to sprout some of them.

[acmavm]

117. Wonder what tunes he was buried with? I mean, can't have some bad

tunes. They'll mess with your buzz.

[nashville_brook]

140. not mentioned --- they also found a 2,700-year old distortion pedal with his harp

[Regret My New Name]

124. The old 'that came with the house' excuse, aye?

[KurtNYC]

125. Willie Nelson has been looking for that ever since he lost it

[madmom]

129. Now I know why my daughter is studying archeology!

[Hugin]

136. Wow, so like this dude was alive in 430 BC... Cool!

More punkin pie, anyone?

:rofl:

[jpak]

141. The inscription on the tomb read...

"He Bogarted"

:evilgrin:

[Pluvious]

142. The original BC bud (coff coff) n/t

heh

[Stump]

146. Maybe he was trekking to a Phish concert...

420.

[benld74]

150. No bogartin the doobie man!!!

[slampoet]

152. I think I ran Into the Owner of that stash at a Rainbow Gathering.

[electricD]

154. deep thoughts

what if DOG were actually spelled C-A-T and CAT, D-O-G???

you know he had an old copy of Pink Floyd playing "comfortably numb" as he was preparing for his trip through the underworld.

[ExPatLeftist]

155. Was Tommy Chong in the tomb with it? n/t

[Juan_de_la_Dem]

156. He should have put a lime peel in with it. It will br dried out b y now.

typo

[givemebackmycountry]

157. I'm surprised no one has said THIS yet...

"The 789 grams of dried cannabis was buried alongside a light-haired, blue-eyed Caucasian man, likely a shaman of the Gushi culture, near Turpan in northwestern China".

The DEA immediately seized the marijuana and arrested the light-haired, blue-eyed Caucasian man after repeatedly tasing him.
He was sentenced to 15 years to life because the burial site was located within five hundred yards from an ancient elementary school.

The light-haired, blue-eyed Caucasian man arrived for processing bruised and battered and his lawyers said they plan to appeal the case.

[balantz]

166. Slide show of the archaeological finds n/t