Cholera Strain in Haiti Matches Bacteria from South Asia
ScienceDaily (Dec. 9, 2010) — A team of researchers from Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Massachusetts General Hospital, with others from the United States and Haiti, has determined that the strain of cholera erupting in Haiti matches bacterial samples from South Asia and not those from Latin America. The scientists conclude that the cholera bacterial strain introduced into Haiti probably came from an infected human, contaminated food or other item from outside of Latin America. It is highly unlikely, they say, that the outbreak was triggered by ocean currents or other climate-related events.
This apparent human origin offers some good news: control measures such as rapid screening for cholera infection and vaccination might limit the risk of cholera epidemics in the future if coordinated on a global level.
These findings, which appeared online December 9 in the New England Journal of Medicine, were reported by Matthew Waldor, a Howard Hughes investigator and the Edward H. Kass Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School (HMS) and Brigham and Women's; John Mekalanos, the chair of the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics at HMS; Stephen Calderwood, the Morton N. Swartz, Academy Professor of Medicine (Microbiology and Molecular Genetics) at HMS and Mass General; and colleagues at Pacific Biosciences in Menlo Park, California, and the Fondation pour le Développement des Universités et de la Recherche en Haiti in Port-au-Prince.
"Our data strongly suggest that the Haitian epidemic began with the introduction into Haiti of a cholera strain from a distant geographic source by human activity," Waldor says. "Some scientists believe that the strain arose from the local aquatic environment, but this hypothesis is not supported by our analysis, which clearly distinguishes the Haitian strains from those circulating in Latin America and the U.S. Gulf Coast."
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