The Italian colonization of the Ottoman provinces of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica was initially not successful and only in the early 1930s did the Kingdom of Italy take full control of the area. <1>
On October 3, 1911, the Italians attacked Tripoli, claiming to be liberating the Ottoman Wilayats from Constantinopole's rule.
Despite a major revolt by the Arabs, the Ottoman sultan ceded Libya to the Italians by signing the 1912 Treaty of Lausanne (not to be confused with a more famous treaty of the same name made in 1923). Tripoli was largely under Italian control by 1914, but both Cyrenaica and the Fezzan were home to rebellions led by the Senussi.
On 25 October 1920, the Italian government recognized Sheikh Sidi Idris as the hereditary head of the nomadic Senussi, with wide authority in Kufra and other oases, as Emir of Cyrenaica, a new title extended by the British at the close of World War I. The emir would eventually become King of the free Libyan state.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Libya_as_Italian_colony