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The situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has become increasingly tense in recent weeks. The five-year conflict in the DRC formally ended in 2003 - this deal was the culmination of numerous peace deals, a new constitution and the arrival of over 10,000 United Nations peacekeepers (MONUC) in the county. However, conflict has continued in the east of the country for most of this time. Recent security upheavals have further threatened the fragile peace and transition process and there are concerns that the DRC could slide back into a full-scale civil war, again involving neighbouring countries in the Great Lakes region.
The Kinshasa government has positioned an additional 10,000 troops in the eastern part of the country. This move followed a week-long insurgency earlier in the month by former rebel troops, who briefly seized the eastern border town of Bukavu. Subsequent clashes between government troops and the former rebel soldiers have led to fears of a fresh conflict. The DRC has accused Rwanda of actively backing the rebels and each country has alleged that the other is massing troops on the border. This area of the country is particularly vulnerable to violence, encompassing mobile bands of fighters as well as rival ethnic militias, and weapons are easily available.
As a result of such insecurities, around 85,000 people have been displaced, many crossing the border into Rwanda and Burundi. Burundi is currently hosting over 31,000 Congolese refugees and announced on 20th June that it would be unable to cope with a new refugee crisis in the event of a full-scale war in eastern Congo .
The humanitarian situation is at risk of reaching a catastrophic level. Jan Egeland, the UN emergency relief co-ordinator, told the UN Security Council in mid June that eastern Congo was without question he world's worst long-running humanitarian disasters, with 3.3 million people out of reach of relief groups . The current instability and outbreaks of violence are compounding the inaccessibility of eastern DRC to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and local traders, making it difficult for people to receive aid or buy basic supplies. A number of NGO offices have been looted in Bukavu, Kindu, Kisangani and Walikale. It has been difficult for humanitarians to operate in these conditions and a number of aid agencies have closed their offices and evacuated expatriate staff, many to the City of Goma. This has added hundreds of thousands more Congolese to the numbers of people living without food aid, basic health care, water and sanitation . Although a few international staff are now beginning to return, the situation remains critical.situation remains critical.situation remains critical.situation remains critical.situation remains critical.situation remains critical.situation remains critical.situation remains critical.
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