Zero Emissions Vehicles, Fuel Cell/Gasoline Hybrids.... MUST READ.

[HysteryDiagnosis]

http://www.zapworld.com/about/news/news_fuelcellvehicle.asp

ZAP calls Anuvu's fuel cell systems "fuel cell hybrids" because they run on both hydrogen and electricity, like the gasoline-hybrids currently on the market. Unlike the gasoline hybrids, the by-product of Anuvu's technology is water vapor and nitrogen, classifying it as a "zero emission vehicle."

Anuvu CEO Tom Scrima stated: "Thanks to ZAP's diverse line of electric vehicles, Anuvu's dream of affordable fuel cell hybrids can be achieved in 2005. ZAP electric vehicles can be modified to run on fuel cells, helping to increasing their range and performance. Fuel cells will change the world as we know it. People can now drive electric vehicles without having to plug in to recharge all the time and some talk about running their entire household by plugging into their car."

http://www.autoindustry.co.uk/news/industry_news/news-57f3cp7hi5
Zap to market first hybrid fuel cell vehicle this year

7th January 2005

http://financial.washingtonpost.com/wpost/newspaper.asp?Mode=NEWS&Story=20041215/350p2607.xml&Symbol=ZAPZ&dispnav=business
"I believe that this is the largest order ever for PEM fuel cell engines," said Anuvu National Sales Director Craig Newhouse, PhD. "We look forward to working with ZAP to make reasonably priced zero emission fuel cell powered vehicles available for both consumers and fleet buyers."

According to officials from ZAP and Anuvu, the two Northern California companies intend to deliver the first fuel cell powered vehicles to consumers in 2005. ZAP CEO Steve Schneider says it is another opportunity for ZAP to take the lead in introducing automotive innovations into the marketplace.

[UL_Approved]

1. Hydrogen is great, but...

The inception of hydrogen fuel is a step toward pollution elimination.

However, there is one flaw with the hydrogen economy: pollution shifting.

This comes about due to the laws of physics.

Energy and matter are neither created or destroyed in the universe. Therefore, all energy comes from some where, and ultimately goes somewhere.

This applies to hydrogen fuel cells because the hydrogen fuel must be produced since it does not occur naturally. On earth, free hydrogen is rare due to its high reactivity. There are not significant supplies of hydrogen and thus cannot be mined, pumped, or otherwise extracted. Because of this, the hydrogen must be produced by electrolysis, chemical reforming (from hydrocarbons), or from other chemical reactions.

One may say that the electrolysis option is the way to clean energy, but we have to remember where electrical energy comes from: coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear, hydroelectric, solar, wind, and biomass. Currently, no technology exists for providing our energy needs solely from wind, water, and sunlight. We have to obtain the vast majority of our energy from hydrocarbon and nuclear fuels. To add vehicle energy to the electric power systems in our country would nearly double our electric energy needs. This would further our dependence on fossil fuel and nuclear sources.

This brings us to pollution shifting. Supposing that we go with the electric-based production of hydrogen, we have to increase our utilities by a great deal. These utilities will create large amounts of pollution addition. They will also do so in highly concentrated areas. Instead of having pollution spread out over the U.S. somewhat evenly, we will have clean spaces with incredibly polluted areas found in certain regions of the country. We essentially move pollution around rather than eliminate it.

Our solution has reached phase 1, with creating vehicles that can run on hydrogen. But we were there a long time ago. After all, the Apollo missions used hydrogen-based fuel in fuel cells to power the spacecraft. And that was in the early 1960's. The long-term needs to find clean energy SOURCES, not just USES. This is on the right track, but we need much more.

[HysteryDiagnosis]

2. You may be interested in this.....

http://www.ch2bc.org/
BREAKTHROUGH

"We've tapped the other half of the sun."
Ted Sargent, a University of Toronto physicist
and holder of a Canada Research Chair in Emerging Technologies
Canadian Nanotech Research Promises
30% Efficient Photovoltaic Paint

[HysteryDiagnosis]

3. And this.....

http://www.fe.doe.gov/programs/fuels/
Fossil fuels (e.g., natural gas and coal) can provide the transition to a hydrogen economy by delivering a near- to mid-term source of hydrogen. With carbon sequestration coal could be used to produce hydrogen for many decades without adding to concerns over the buildup of carbon gases in the atmosphere.

[HysteryDiagnosis]

4. And this.....

www.ch2bc.org


HYDROGEN ECONOMY
IDENTIFIES $50/BBL OIL AS POINT WHERE SOME HYDROGEN PRODUCTION CHAINS MAY BECOME "CHEAPER THAN CONVENTIONAL CHAINS"
The report makes a qualified claim that six hydrogen chains - coal and natural gas (with carbon sequestration), biomass, nuclear, renewable energy and novel production technologies - have the ability to fuel a national fuel cell vehicle infrastructure by 2030, dramatically reducing carbon dioxide emissions and significantly increasing national security. A hydrogen pipeline network is recommended.