(Is the Bush-Hitler connection getting scrubbed from the internet? This website's lengthy explanation of the financial arrangements made between US and German financiers for the rise of Hitler was the most comprehensive one I found on the internet.
Until recently, that is.
The link worked last week. Not tonight. 'No dice' says the server.
BUT...I found the Google cache of it, originally from the University of Virginia's Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities or IATH. IATH's donors include IBM, AT&T and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, not the kind of donors who'd appreciate their support for Nazis exposed.(
http://www.iath.virginia.edu/aboutSponsors.html)
Since the link may have been very recently broken or info scrubbed, I post the whole page of the Google cache version here. It is worth reading top to bottom.-JOM)
------------------------------------------
This is G o o g l e's cache of
http://lists.village.virginia.edu/listservs/spoons/woodco-greens.archive/woodco-greens.0006 as retrieved on Jan 8, 2005 14:59:49 GMT.
G o o g l e's cache is the snapshot that we took of the page as we crawled the web.
The page may have changed since that time. Click here for the current page without highlighting.
This cached page may reference images which are no longer available. Click here for the cached text only.
To link to or bookmark this page, use the following url:
http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:J3pLQK74MqIJ:lists.village.virginia.edu/listservs/spoons/woodco-greens.archive/woodco-greens.0006+&hl=en&client=firefox-aGoogle is not affiliated with the authors of this page nor responsible for its content.
From owner-woodco-greens@lists.village.virginia.edu Mon Jun 26 15:59:18 2000
Received: (from domo@localhost)
by lists.village.virginia.edu (8.9.3/8.9.0) id PAA32919
for woodco-greens-outgoing; Mon, 26 Jun 2000 15:59:17 GMT
X-Authentication-Warning: lists.village.virginia.edu: domo set sender to owner-woodco-greens@localhost using -f
Received: from mail.virginia.edu (mail.Virginia.EDU <128.143.2.9>)
by lists.village.virginia.edu (8.9.3/8.9.0) with SMTP id LAA25747
for <woodco-greens@lists.village.virginia.edu>; Mon, 26 Jun 2000 11:59:07 -0400
Received: from jefferson.village.virginia.edu by mail.virginia.edu id aa27560;
26 Jun 2000 11:59 EDT
Received: from mo.egroups.com (mo.egroups.com <207.138.41.166>)
by jefferson.village.Virginia.EDU (8.9.3/8.9.0) with SMTP id LAA11378
for <woodco-greens@jefferson.village.virginia.edu>; Mon, 26 Jun 2000 11:59:00 -0400 (EDT)
X-eGroups-Return: avocadolover@vjmail.com
Received: from <10.1.10.63> by mo.egroups.com with NNFMP; 26 Jun 2000 15:59:01 -0000
Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2000 15:55:36 -0000
From: robert <avocadolover@vjmail.com>
To: woodco-greens@jefferson.village.virginia.edu
Subject: A Day At The Races A Night At The Rodeo Dogged Research
Message-ID: <8j7udo+815l@eGroups.com>
User-Agent: eGroups-EW/0.82
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
X-Mailer: eGroups Message Poster
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lists.village.virginia.edu id LAA25492
Sender: owner-woodco-greens@lists.village.virginia.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: woodco-greens@lists.village.virginia.edu
<a href="http://www.animalpepl.org/97/6/obits.html">
http://www.animalpepl.org/97/6/obits.html</a>dogged research turned up has turned up "Millie, 12, former "first
dog" of the U.S. as companion to George and Barbara Bush, 1989-1993,
died May 19 in Kennebunkport, Maine. Given to the Bush family by
Will
and Sarah Farish, of Houston, at age 1, Millie became famous after
birthing four puppies in the White
House in March 1989."
Hmmm, we know who George & Barbara Bush are, we know who Millie was,
What about the family Farish?
K-EYE TV 42 - Bush Contributors 1
...Interactive Marketplace Austin Career Center Bush Campaign
Contributors - ...11/3/98 1000 Mr. and Mrs. William S. Farish
Versailles KY 40383-0626...
austinautoclassified.com/news/bushcontrib/bush1.html
<a href="http://www.breederscup.com/eqb/bios/classic/lemondropkid.html">
http://www.breederscup.com/eqb/bios/classic/lemondropkid.html</a>"William S. Farish,…Friend of former President George Bush ...
Other
business interests
include oil exploration, real estate, and ranching ..."
<a href="http://www.padrak.com/alt/BUSHBOOK_1.html#Nazi_Commerce">
http://www.padrak.com/alt/BUSHBOOK_1.html#Nazi_Commerce</a>"Bush and Farish
When George Bush was elected vice president in 1980, Texas mystery man
William Stamps Farish III took over management of all of George Bush's
personal wealth in a "blind trust." Known as one of the richest men in
Texas, Will Farish keeps his business affairs under the most intense
secrecy. Only the source of his immense wealth is known, not its
employment. Note #3
Will Farish has long been Bush's closest friend and confidante….
President Bush can count on Farish not to betray the violent secrets
surrounding the Bush family money. For Farish's own family fortune
was
made in the same Hitler project, in a nightmarish partnership with
George Bush's father.
On March 25, 1942, U.S. Assistant Attorney General Thurman Arnold
announced that William Stamps Farish (grandfather of the President's
money manager) had pleaded "no contest" to charges of criminal
conspiracy with the Nazis. Farish was the principal manager of a
worldwide cartel between Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey and the I.G.
Farben concern. The merged enterprise had opened the Auschwitz slave
labor camp on June 14, 1940, to produce artificial rubber and
gasoline
from coal. The Hitler government supplied political opponents and
Jews
as the slaves, who were worked to near death and then murdered.
Arnold disclosed that Standard Oil of New Jersey (later known as
Exxon), of
which Farish was president and chief executive, had agreed to stop
hiding
from the United States patents for artificial rubber which the
company
had
provided to the Nazis. Note #4
A Senate investigating committee under Senator (later U.S. President)
Harry Truman of Missouri had called Arnold to testify at hearings on
corporations' collaboration with the Nazis. The Senators expressed
outrage at the cynical way Farish was continuing an alliance with the
Hitler regime that had begun back in 1933, when Farish became chief
of
Jersey Standard. Didn't he know there was a war on?
The Justice Department laid before the committee a letter, written to
Standard president Farish by his vice president, shortly after the
beginning of World War II (September 1, 1939) in Europe. The letter
concerned a renewal of their earlier agreements with the Nazis:
The Bush-Farish axis had begun back in 1929. In that year, the
Harriman bank bought Dresser Industries, supplier of oil-pipeline
couplers to Standard and other companies. Prescott Bush became a
director and financial czar of Dresser, installing his Yale classmate
Neil Mallon as chairman. Note #7 George Bush would later name one of
his sons after the Dresser executive.
William S. Farish was the main organizer of the Humble Oil Co. of
Texas, which Farish merged into the Standard Oil Company of New
Jersey. Farish built up the Humble-Standard empire of pipelines and
refineries in Texas.
Note #8
In 1933, as what Hitler called his "New Order" appeared, John D.
Rockefeller, Jr. appointed William S. Farish the chairman of Standard
Oil Co. of New Jersey (in 1937 he was made president and chief
executive). Farish moved his offices to Rockefeller Center, New
York,
where he spent a good deal of time with Hermann Schmitz, chairman of
I.G. Farben; his company paid a publicity man, Ivy Lee, to write
pro-I.G. Farben and pro-Nazi propaganda and get it into the U.S.
press.
Now that he was outside of Texas, Farish found himself in the
shipping
business-like the Bush family. He hired Nazi German crews for
Standard
Oil tankers. And he hired "Emil Helfferich," chairman of the
Walker/Bush/Harriman Hamburg-Amerika Line, as chairman also of the
Standard Oil Company subsidiary in Germany. Karl Lindemann, board
member of Hamburg-Amerika, also became a top Farish-Standard
executive
in Germany.
Note #1 Note #4
This interlock between their Nazi German operations put Farish
together with Prescott Bush in a small, select group of men operating
from abroad through Hitler's "revolution," and calculating that they
would never be punished.
In 1939, Farish's daughter Martha married Averell Harriman's nephew,
Edward
Harriman Gerry, and Farish in-laws became Prescott Bush's partners at
59
Broadway. Note #1 Note #5
Both Emil Helfferich and Karl Lindemann were authorized to write
checks to Heinrich Himmler, chief of the Nazi SS, on a special
Standard Oil account.
This account was managed by the German-British-American banker, Kurt
von
Schroeder. According to U.S. intelligence documents reviewed by author
Anthony Sutton, Helfferich continued his payments to the SS into
1944,
when
the SS was supervising the mass murder at the Standard-I.G. Farben
Auschwitz and other death camps. Helfferich told Allied interrogators
after
the war that these were not his personal contributions-they were
corporate Standard Oil funds. Note #1 Note #6
After pleading "no contest" to charges of criminal conspiracy with
the
Nazis, William Stamps Farish was fined $5,000. (Similar fines were
levied against Standard Oil -- $5,000 each for the parent company and
for several subsidiaries.) This of course did not interfere with the
millions of dollars that Farish had acquired in conjunction with
Hitler's New Order, as a large stockholder, chairman, and president
of
Standard Oil. All the government sought was the use of patents which
his company had given to the Nazis-the Auschwitz patents-but had
withheld from the U.S. military and industry.
But a war was on, and if young men were to be asked to die fighting
Hitler
.. something more was needed. Farish was hauled before the Senate
committee
investigating the national defense program. The committee chairman,
Senator
Harry Truman, told newsmen before Farish testified: "I think this
approaches treason." Note #1 Note #7
Farish began breaking apart at these hearings. He shouted his
"indignation" at the senators, and claimed he was not "disloyal."
After the March-April hearings ended, more dirt came gushing out of
the Justice Department and the Congress on Farish and Standard Oil.
Farish had deceived the U.S. Navy to prevent the Navy from acquiring
certain patents, while supplying them to the Nazi war machine;
meanwhile, he was supplying gasoline and tetraethyl lead to Germany's
submarines and air force.
Communications between Standard and I.G. Farben from the outbreak of
World
War II were released to the Senate, showing that Farish's
organization
had
arranged to deceive the U.S. government into passing over Nazi-owned
assets: They would nominally buy I.G.'s share in certain patents
because
"in the event of war between ourselves and Germany ... it would
certainly
be very undesirable to have this 20 percent Standard-I.G. pass to an
alien
property custodian of the U.S. who might sell it to an unfriendly
interest." Note #1 Note #8
John D. Rockefeller, Jr. (father of David, Nelson, and John D.
Rockefeller
III), the controlling owner of Standard Oil, told the Roosevelt
administration that he knew nothing of the day-to-day affairs of his
company, that all these matters were handled by Farish and other
executives. Note #1 Note #9
In August, Farish was brought back for more testimony. He was now
frequently accused of lying. Farish was crushed under the intense,
public grilling; he became morose, ashen. While Prescott Bush escaped
publicity when the government seized his Nazi banking organization in
October, Farish had been nailed. He collapsed and died of a heart
attack on November 29, 1942.
The Farish family was devastated by the exposure. Son William Stamps
Farish, Jr., a lieutenant in the Army Air Force, was humiliated by the
public knowledge that his father was fueling the enemy's aircraft; he
died
in a training accident in Texas six months later. Note #2 Note #0
With this double death, the fortune comprising much of Standard Oil's
profits from Texas and Nazi Germany was now to be settled upon the
little four-year-old grandson, William ("Will") Stamps Farish III.
Will Farish grew up a recluse, the most secretive multimillionaire in
Texas, with investments of "that money" in a multitude of foreign
countries, and a host of exotic contacts overlapping the intelligence
and financial worlds-The Bush-Farish axis started George Bush's
career. After his 1948 graduation from Yale (and the Skull and Bones
secret society), George Bush flew down to Texas on a corporate jet
and
was employed by his father's Dresser Industries. In a couple of years
he got help from his uncle, George Walker, Jr., and Farish's banker
friends, to set him up in the oil property speculation business. Soon
thereafter, George Bush founded the Zapata Oil Company, which put oil
drilling rigs into certain locations of great strategic interest….
Twenty-five-year-old Will Farish was personal aide to Zapata chairman
George Bush in Bush's unsuccessful 1964 campaign for Senate. Farish
used
"that Auschwitz money" to back George Bush financially, investing in
Zapata. When Bush was elected to Congress in 1966, Farish joined the
Zapata
board. Note #2 Note #1
When George Bush became U.S. vice president in 1980, the Farish and
Bush family fortunes were again completely, secretly commingled. As
we
shall see, the old projects were now being revived on a breathtaking
scale."
See also:
<a href="http://mercury.spaceports.com/~persewen/bush_video.htm">
http://mercury.spaceports.com/~persewen/bush_video.htm</a><a href="http://www.keeneland.com/library/milestones.html">
http://www.keeneland.com/library/milestones.html</a>"1997 Former President George Bush attended the races as the guest of
W.S. Farish"
<a href="http://bushlibrary.tamu.edu/papers/1991/91122702.html">
http://bushlibrary.tamu.edu/papers/1991/91122702.html</a>"Remarks to the Bee County Community, Beeville, Texas" Note: The
President (George Herbert Walker Bush) spoke at 5:54 p.m. in the Bee
County Rodeo Arena.
December 27, 1991
"And, of course, a special guest that my friend, Will Farish,
is entertaining for the weekend and who is entertaining us"
From owner-woodco-greens@lists.village.virginia.edu Mon Jun 26 19:47:04 2000
Received: (from domo@localhost)
by lists.village.virginia.edu (8.9.3/8.9.0) id TAA23627
for woodco-greens-outgoing; Mon, 26 Jun 2000 19:47:03 GMT
X-Authentication-Warning: lists.village.virginia.edu: domo set sender to owner-woodco-greens@localhost using -f
Received: from mail.virginia.edu (mail.Virginia.EDU <128.143.2.9>)
by lists.village.virginia.edu (8.9.3/8.9.0) with SMTP id PAA32838
for <woodco-greens@lists.village.virginia.edu>; Mon, 26 Jun 2000 15:46:57 -0400
Received: from jefferson.village.virginia.edu by mail.virginia.edu id aa07570;
26 Jun 2000 15:46 EDT
Received: from b05.egroups.com (b05.egroups.com <207.138.41.189>)
by jefferson.village.Virginia.EDU (8.9.3/8.9.0) with SMTP id PAA24153
for <woodco-greens@jefferson.village.virginia.edu>; Mon, 26 Jun 2000 15:46:37 -0400 (EDT)
X-eGroups-Return: avocadolover@vjmail.com
Received: from <10.1.10.112> by b05.egroups.com with NNFMP; 26 Jun 2000 19:46:32 -0000
Date: Mon, 26 Jun 2000 19:46:21 -0000
From: robert <avocadolover@vjmail.com>
To: woodco-greens@jefferson.village.virginia.edu
Subject: Bush Part One
Message-ID: <8j8bue+erqq@eGroups.com>
User-Agent: eGroups-EW/0.82
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
X-Mailer: eGroups Message Poster
Sender: owner-woodco-greens@lists.village.virginia.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: woodco-greens@lists.village.virginia.edu
<a href="http://www.padrak.com/alt/BUSHBOOK_1.html#CHAPTER_2">
http://www.padrak.com/alt/BUSHBOOK_1.html#CHAPTER_2</a>EXCERPTED FROM MATERIAL FOUND AT URL ABOVE
"CHAPTER 2
"THE HITLER PROJECT
Bush Property Seized-Trading with the Enemy
In October 1942, ten months after entering World War II, America was
preparing its first assault against Nazi military forces. Prescott
Bush was managing partner of Brown Brothers Harriman. His 18-year-old
son George, the future U.S. President, had just begun training to
become a naval pilot. On October 20, 1942, the U.S. government
ordered the seizure of Nazi German banking operations in New York
City
which were being conducted by Prescott Bush. Under the "Trading with
the Enemy Act", the government took over the "Union Banking
Corporation," in which Bush was a director. The U.S. Alien Property
Custodian seized Union Banking Corp.'s stock shares, all of which
were
owned by Prescott Bush, E. Roland "Bunny" Harriman, three Nazi
executives, and two other associates of Bush. Note #1 The order
seizing the bank "vest
all of the capital stock of Union
Banking Corporation, a New York corporation," and named the holders
of
its shares as:
See #b|"E. Roland Harriman -- 3991 shares." Harriman was chairman and
director of Union Banking Corp. (UBC); this is "Bunny" Harriman,
described by Prescott Bush as a place holder who didn't get much into
banking affairs; Prescott managed his personal investments. See
#b|"Cornelis Lievense -- 4 shares." Lievense was president and
director of UBC, and a New York resident banking functionary for the
Nazis. See #b|"Harold D. Pennington -- 1 share." Pennington was
treasurer and director of UBC, and an office manager employed by Bush
at Brown Brothers Harriman. See #b|"Ray Morris -- 1 share." Morris
was director of UBC, and a partner of Bush and the Harrimans. See
#b|"Prescott S. Bush -- 1 share." Bush was director of UBC, which was
co-founded and sponsored by his father-in-law George Walker; he was
senior managing partner for E. Roland Harriman and Averell Harriman.
See #b|"H.J. Kouwenhoven -- 1 share" Kouwenhoven was director of UBC;
he organized UBC as the emissary of Fritz Thyssen in negotiations
with
George Walker and Averell Harriman; he was also managing director of
UBC's Netherlands affiliate under Nazi occupation; industrial
executive in Nazi Germany, and also director and chief foreign
financial executive of the German Steel Trust. See #b|"Johann G.
Groeninger -- 1 share." Groeninger was director of UBC and of its
Netherlands affiliate; he was an industrial executive in Nazi
Germany.
The order also specified: "all of which shares are held for the
benefit of ... members of the Thyssen family, is property of
nationals ... of a designated enemy country...." By October 26, 1942,
U.S. troops were underway for North Africa. On October 28, the
government issued orders seizing two Nazi front organizations run by
the Bush-Harriman bank: the "Holland-American Trading Corporation"
and
the "Seamless Steel Equipment Corporation." Note #2 U.S. forces
landed
under fire near Algiers on November 8, 1942; heavy combat raged
throughout November. Nazi interests in the "Silesian-American
Corporation," long managed by Prescott Bush and his father-in-law
George Herbert Walker, were seized under the Trading with the Enemy
Act on November 17, 1942. In this action, the government announced
that it was seiz ing only the Nazi interests, leaving the Nazis' U.S.
partners to carry on the business. Note #3 These and other actions
taken by the U.S. government in wartime were, tragically, too little
and too late. President Bush's family had already played a central
role in financing and arming Adolf Hitler for his takeover of
Germany;
in financing and managing the buildup of Nazi war industries for the
conquest of Europe and war aga inst the U.S.A.; and in the
development
of Nazi genocide theories and racial propaganda, with their
well-known
results. The facts presented here must be known, and their
implications reflected upon, for a proper understanding of President
George Herbert Walker Bush and of the danger to mankind that he
represents. The President's family fortune was largely a result of
the
Hitler project.
The powerful Anglo-American family associations, which later boosted
him into the Central Intelligence Agency and up to the White House,
were his father's partners in the Hitler project. President Franklin
Roosevelt's Alien Property Custodian, Leo T. Crowley, signed Vesting
Order Number 248 seizing the property of Prescott Bush under the
Trading with Enemy Act. The order, published in obscure government
record books and kept out of the news, Note #4 explained nothing
about
the Nazis involved; only that the Union Banking Corporation was run
for the "Thyssen family" of "Germany and/or Hungary"-"nationals ...
of a designated enemy country." By deciding that Prescott Bush and
the
other directors of the Union Banking Corp. were legally "front men
for the Nazis", the government avoided the more important historical
issue: In what way "were Hitler's Nazis themselves hired, armed, and
instructed by" the New York and London clique of which Prescott Bush
was an executive manager? Let us examine the Harriman-Bush Hitler
project from the 1920s until it was partially broken up, to seek an
answer for that question.
2. Origin and Extent of the Project
Fritz Thyssen and his business partners are universally recognized as
the most important German financiers of Adolf Hitler's takeover of
Germany. At the time of the order seizing the Thyssen family's Union
Banking Corp., Mr. Fritz Thyssen had already published his famous
book, "I Paid Hitler", Note #5 admitting that he had financed Adolf
Hitler and the Nazi movement since October 1923. Thyssen's role as
the
leading early backer of Hitler's grab for power in Germany had been
noted by U.S. diplomats in Berlin in 1932. Note #6 The order seizing
the Bush-Thyssen bank was curiously quiet and modest about the
identity of the perpetrators who had been nailed. But two weeks
before the official order, government investigators had reported
secretly that "W. Averell Harriman was in Europe sometime prior to
1924 and at that time became acquainted with Fritz Thyssen, the
German
industrialist." Harriman and Thyssen agreed to set up a bank for
Thyssen in New York. "ertain of asso ciates would
serve as directors...." Thyssen agent "H.J. Kouwenhoven ... came to
the United States ... prior to 1924 for conferences with the Harriman
Company in this connection...." Note #7 When exactly was "Harriman in
Europe sometime prior to 1924"? In fact, he was in Berlin in 1922 to
set up the Berlin branch of W.A. Harriman & Co. under George
Walker's
presidency.
The Union Banking Corporation was established formally in 1924, as a
unit in the Manhattan offices of W.A. Harriman & Co., interlocking
with the Thyssen-owned "Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart" (BHS) in the
Netherlands. The investigators concluded that "the Union Banking
Corporation has since its inception handled funds chiefly supplied to
it through the Dutch bank by the Thyssen interests for American
investment." Thus by personal agreement between Averell Harriman and
Fritz Thyssen in 1922, W.A. Harriman & Co. (alias Union Banking
Corporation) would be transferring funds back and forth between New
York and the "Thyssen interests" in Germany. By putting up about
$400,000, the Harriman organization would be joint owner and manager
of Thyssen's banking operations outside of Germany. "How important
was the Nazi enterprise for which President Bush's father was the New
York banker?" The 1942 U.S. government investigative report said that
Bush's Nazi-front bank was an interlocking concern with the
Vereinigte
Stahlwerke (United Steel Works Corporation or "German Steel Trust")
led by Fritz Thyssen and his two brothers. After the war,
congressional investigators probed the Thyssen interests, Union
Banking Corp. and related Nazi units. The investigation showed that
the Vereinigte Stahlwerke had produced the following approximate
proportions of total German national output:
"50.8% of Nazi Germany's pig iron; 41.4% of Nazi Germany's universal
plate; 36.0% of Nazi Germany's heavy plate; 38.5% of Nazi Germany's
galvanized sheet;
45.5% of Nazi Germany's pipes and tubes; 22.1% of Nazi Germany's wire;
35.0% of Nazi Germany's explosives." Note #8
This accounts for many, many Nazi submarines, bombs, rifles, gas
chambers, etc. Prescott Bush became vice president of W.A. Harriman
&
Co. in 1926. That same year, a friend of Harriman and Bush set up a
giant new organization for their client Fritz Thyssen, prime sponsor
of politician Adolf Hitler. The new "German Steel Trust," Germany's
largest industrial corporation, was organized in 1926 by Wall Street
banker Clarence Dillon. Dillon was the old comrade of Prescott Bush's
father Sam Bush from the "Merchants of Death" bureau in World War I.
In return for putting up $70 million to create his organization,
majority owner Thyssen gave the Dillon Read company two or more
representatives on the board of the new Steel Trust. Note #9 Thus
there is a division of labor: Thyssen's own confidential accounts,
for
political and related purposes, were run through the Walker-Bush
organization; the Steel Trust did its corporate banking through
Dillon
Read.
- * * * -
The Walker-Bush firm's banking activities were not just politically
neutral money-making ventures which happened to coincide with the
aims
of German Nazis. All of the firm's European business in those days
was organized around anti-democratic political forces. In 1927,
criticism of their support for totalitarianism drew this retort from
Bert Walker, written from Kennebunkport to Averell Harriman:
"It seems to me that the suggestion in connection with Lord
Bearsted's
views that we withdraw from Russia smacks somewhat of the
impertinent.... I think that we have drawn our line and should hew
to
it." Note #1 Note #0 Averell Harriman met with Italy's fascist
dictator, Benito Mussolini. A representative of the firm subsequently
telegraphed good news back to his chief executive Bert Walker: "...
During these last days ... Mussolini ... has examined and approved
our cntract 15 June." Note #1 Note #1 The great financial collapse
of 1929-31 shook America, Germany, and Britain, weakening all
governments. It also made the hard-pressed Prescott Bush even more
willing to do whatever was necessary to retain his new place in the
world. It was in this crisis that certain Anglo-Americans determined
on the installation of a Hitler regime in Germany. W.A. Harriman &
Co., well-positioned for this enterprise and rich in assets from
their
German and Russian business, merged with the British-American
investment house, Brown Brothers, on January 1, 1931. Bert Walker
retired to his own G.H. Walker & Co. This left the Harriman
brothers,
Prescott Bush, and Thatcher M. Brown as the senior partners of the
new
Brown Brothers Harriman firm. (The London, England branch of the
Brown
family firm continued operating under its historic name-Brown,
Shipley.) Robert A. Lovett also came over as a partner from Brown
Brothers. His father, E.H. Harriman's lawyer and railroad chief, had
been on the War Industries Board with Prescott's father. Though he
remained a partner in Brown Brothers Harriman, the junior Lovett soon
replaced his father as chief exexcutive of Union Pacific Railroad.
Brown Brothers had a racial tradition that fitted it well for the
Hitler project. American patriots had cursed its name back in Civil
War days. Brown Brothers, with offices in the U.S.A. and in Engla
nd,
had carried on their ships fully 75 percent of the slave cotton from
the American South over to British mill owners; through their
usurious
credit they controlled and manipulated the slave-owners. Now, in
1931, the virtual dictator of world finance, Bank of England Governor
Montagu Collet Norman, was a former Brown Brothers partner, whose
grandfather had been boss of Brown Brothers during the U.S. Civil
War.
Montagu Norman was known as the most avid of Hitler's supporters
within British ruling circles, and Norman's intimacy with this firm
was essential to his management of the Hitler project.
In 1931, while Prescott Bush ran the New York office of Brown Brothers
Harriman, Prescott's partner was Montagu Norman's intimate friend
Thatcher
Brown. The Bank of England chief always stayed at the home of
Prescott's
partner on his hush-hush trips to New York. Prescott Bush
concentrated
on
the firm's German actitivites, and Thatcher Brown saw to their
business in
old England, under the guidance of his mentor Montagu Norman. Note #1
Note
#2
3. Hitler's Ladder to Power
Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany January 30, 1933, and
absolute dictator in March 1933, after two years of expensive and
violent lobbying and electioneering. Two affiliates of the
Bush-Harriman organization played great parts in this criminal
undertaking: Thyssen's German Steel Trust; and the Hamburg-Amerika
Line and several of its executives. Note #1 Note #3 Let us look more
closely at the Bush family's German partners. "Fritz Thyssen" told
Allied interrogators after the war about some of his financial
support
for the Nazi Party:
"In 1930 or 1931 ... I told Hess ... I
would
arrange a credit for him with a Dutch bank in Rotterdam, the Bank
fussaur Handel und Schiff (BHS),
the Harriman-Bush affiliate]. I arranged the credit ... he would pay
it back in three years.... I chose a Dutch bank because I did not
want
to be mixed up with German banks in my position, and because I
thought
it was better to do business wi th a Dutch bank, and I thought I
would
have the Nazis a little more in my hands.... "The credit was about
250-300,000 marks-about the sum I had given before. The loan
has been repaid in part to the Dutch bank, but I think some money is
still owing on it...." Note #1 Note #4 The overall total of Thyssen's
political donations and loans to the Nazis was well over a million
dollars, including funds he raised from others- in a period of
terrible money-shortage in Germany.
"Friedrich
Flick" was the major co-owner of the German Steel Trust with Fritz
Thyssen, Thyssen's longtime collaborator and sometime competitor. In
preparation for the war crimes tribunal at Nuremberg, the U.S.
government said that Flick was "one of leading financiers and
industrialists who from 1932 contributed large sums to the Nazi Party
... member of 'Circle of Friends' of Himmler who contributed large
sums to the SS." Note #1 Note #5 Flick, like Thyssen, financed the
Nazis to maintain their private armies called Schutzstaffel (S.S. or
Black Shirts) and Sturmabteilung (S.A., storm troops or Brown
Shirts).
The Flick-Harriman partnership was directly supervised by Prescott
Bush, President Bush's father, and by George Walker, President Bush's
grandfather. The Harriman-Walker Union Banking Corp. arrangements
for
the German Steel Trust had made them bankers for Flick and his vast
operations in Germany by no later than 1926. The "Harriman Fifteen
Corporation" (George Walker, president, Prescott Bush and Averell
Harriman, sole directors) held a substantial stake in the Silesian
Holding Co. at the time of the merger with Brown Brothers, January 1,
1931. This holding correlated to Averell Harriman's chairmanship of
the "Consolidated Silesian Steel Corporation," the American group
owning one-third of a complex of steelmaking, coal-mining and
zinc-mining activities in Germany and Poland, in which Friedrich
Flick
owned two-thirds.
Note #1 Note #6
The Nuremberg prosecutor characterized Flick as follows:
"Proprietor and head of a large group of industrial enterprises (coal
and iron mines, steel producing and fabricating plants) ...
'Wehrwirtschaftsfuehrer,' 1938 ...." Note #1 Note #7 For this buildup of the Hitler war
machine with coal, steel, and arms production, using slave laborers,
the Nazi Flick was condemned to seven years in prison at the
Nuremberg
trials; he served three years. With friends in New York and London,
however, Flick lived into the 1970s and died a billionaire. On March
19, 1934, Prescott Bush-then director of the German Steel Trust's
Union Banking Corporation-initiated an alert to the absent Averell
Harriman about a problem which had developed in the Flick
partnership.
Note #1 Note #8 Bush sent Harriman a clipping from the "New York
Times" of that day, which reported that the Polish government was
fighting back against American and German stockholders who controlled
"Poland's largest industrial unit, the Upper Silesian Coal and Steel
Company...." The "Times" article continued: "The company has long
been
accused of mismanagement, excessive borrowing, fictitious bookkeeping
and gambling in securities. Warrants were issued in December for
several directors accused of tax evasions. They were German citizens
and they fled. They were replaced by Poles. Herr Flick, regarding
this
as an attempt to make the company's board entirely Polish, retaliated
by restricting credits until the new Polish directors were unable to
pay the workmen regularly." The "Times" noted that the company's
mines
and mills "employ 25,000 men and account for 45 percent of Poland's
total steel output and 12 percent of her coal production. Two-thirds
of the company's stock is owned by Friedrich Flick, a leading German
steel industrialist, and the remainder is owned by interests in the
United States." In view of the fact that a great deal of Polish
output
was being exported to Hitler's Germany under depression conditions,
the Polish government thought that Bush, Harriman, and their Nazi
partners should at least pay full taxes on their Polish holdings.
The
U.S. and Nazi owners responded with a lockout. The letter to
Harriman
in Washington reported a cable from their European representative:
"Have undertaken new steps London Berlin ... please establish
friendly relations with Polish Ambassador ." A 1935
Harriman Fifteen Corporation memo from George Walker announced an
agreement had been made "in Berlin" to sell an 8,000 block of their
shares in Consolidated Silesian Steel. Note #1 Note #9 But the
dispute
with Poland did not deter the Bush family from continuing its
partnership with Flick. Nazi tanks and bombs "settled" this dispute
in September, 1939 with the invasion of Poland, beginning World War
II. The Nazi army had been equipped by Flick, Harriman, Walker, and
Bush, with materials essentially stolen from Poland. There were
probably few people at the time who could appreciate the irony, that
when the Soviets also attacked and invaded Poland from the East,
their
vehicles were fueled by oil pumped from Baku wells revived by the
Harriman/Walker/Bush enterprise. Three years later, nearly a year
after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the U.S. government
ordered the seizure of the Nazis' share in the Silesian-American
Corporation under the Trading with the Enemy Act. En emy nationals
were said to own 49 percent of the common stock and 41.67 percent of
the preferred stock of the company. The order characterized the
company as a "business enterprise within the United States, owned by
Zurich, Switzerland, and held for the benefit of
Bergwerksgesellschaft George von Giesche's Erben, a German
corporation...." Note #2 Note #0 Bert Walker was still the senior
director of the company, which he had founded back in 1926
simultaneously with the creation of the German Steel Trust. Ray
Morris, Prescott's partner from Union Banking Corp. andBrown Brothers
Harriman, was also a dir ector.
The investigative report prior to the government crackdown explained
the "NATURE OF BUSINESS: The subject corporation is an American
holding company for German and Polish subsidiaries, which own large
and valuable coal and zinc mines in Silesia, Poland and Germany.
Since September 1939, these properties have been in the possession of
and have been operated by the German government and have undoubtedly
been of considerable assistance to that country in its war effort."
Note #2 Note #1 The report noted that the American stockholders hoped
to regain control of the European properties after the war.
4. Control of Nazi Commerce
Bert Walker had arranged the credits Harriman needed to take control
of the Hamburg-Amerika Line back in 1920. Walker had organized the
"American Ship and Commerce Corp." as a unit of the W.A. Harriman &
Co., with contractual power over Hamburg-Amerika's affairs. As the
Hitler project went into high gear, Harriman-Bush shares in American
Ship and Commerce Corp. were held by the Harriman Fifteen Corp., run
by Prescott Bush and Bert Walker. Note #2 Note #2 It was a convenient
stroll for the well-tanned, athletic, handsome Prescott Bush. From
the
Brown Brothers Harriman skyscraper at 59 Wall Street- where he was
senior managing partner, confidential investments manager and advisor
to Averell and his brother "Bunny"-he walked across to the Harriman
Fifteen Corporation at One Wall Street, otherwise known as G.H.
Walker & Co.-and around the corner to his subsidiary offices at 39
Broadway, former home of the old W.A.
Harriman
& Co., and still the offices for American Ship and Commerce, and of
the Union Banking Corporation. In many ways, Bush's Hamburg-Amerika
Line was the pivot for the entire Hitler project. Averell Harriman
and Bert Walker had gained control over the steamship company in 1920
in negotiations with its post-World War I chief execu tive, "Wilhelm
Cuno", and with the line's bankers, M.M. Warburg. Cuno was
thereafter
completely dependent on the Anglo-Americans, and became a member of
the Anglo-German Friendship Society. In the 1930-32 drive for a
Hitler
dictatorship, Wilhelm Cuno contributed important sums to the Nazi
Party.
Note #2 Note #3
"Albert Voegler" was chief executive of the Thyssen-Flick German
Steel
Trust for which Bush's Union Banking Corp. was the New York office.
He was a director of the Bush-affiliate BHS Bank in Rotterdam, and a
director of the Harriman-Bush Hamburg-Amerika Line. Voegler joined
Thyssen and Flick in their heavy 1930-33 Nazi contributions, and
helped organize the final Nazi leap into national power. Note #2 Note
#4 The "Schroeder" family of bankers was a linchpin for the Nazi
activities of Harriman and Prescott Bush, closely tied to their
lawyers Allen and John Foster Dulles. Baron Kurt von Schroeder was
co-director of the massive Thyssen-Huette foundry along with Johann
Groeninger, Prescott Bush's New York bank partner. Kurt von Schroeder
was treasurer of the support organization for the Nazi Party's
private
armies, to which Friedrich Flick contributed. Kurt von Schroeder and
Montagu Norman's proteaageaa Hjalmar Schacht together made the final
arrangments for Hitler to enter the governme nt. Note #2 Note #5
Baron
Rudolph von Schroeder was vice president and director of the
Hamburg-Amerika Line. Long an intimate contact of Averell Harriman's
in Germany, Baron Rudolph sent his grandson Baron Johann Rudolph for
a
tour of Prescott Bush's Brown Brothers Harriman offices in New York
City in December 1932 -- on the eve of their Hitler-triumph. Note #2
Note #6 Certain actions taken directly by the Harriman-Bush shipping
line in 1932 must be ranked among the gravest acts of treason in this
century. The U.S. Embassy in Berlin reported back to Washington that
the "costly election campaigns" and "the cost of maintaining a
private
army of 300,000 to 400,000 men" had raised questions as to the Nazis'
financial backers. The constitutional government of the German
republic moved to defend national freedom by ordering the Nazi Party
private armies disbanded. The U.S. Embassy reported that the
"Hamburg-Amerika Line was purchasing and distributing
propaganda attacks a gainst the German government, for attempting
this
last-minute crackdown on Hitler's forces." Note #2 Note #7 Thousands
of German opponents of Hitlerism were shot or intimidated by
privately
armed Nazi Brown Shirts. In this connection, we note that the
original
"Merchant of Death," Samuel Pryor, was a founding director of both
the
Union Banking Corp. and the American Ship and Commerce Corp. Since
Mr.
Pryor was executive committee chairman of Remington Arms and a
central
figure in the world's private arms traffic, his use to the Hitler
project was enhanced as the Bush family's partner in Nazi Party
banking and trans-Atlantic shipping.
The U.S. Senate arms-traffic investigators probed Remington after it
was joined in a cartel agreement on explosives to the Nazi firm I.G.
Farben. Looking at the period leading up to Hitler's seizure of
power, the senators found that "German political associations, like
the Nazi and others, are nearly all armed with American ... guns....
Arms of all kinds coming from America are transshipped in the Scheldt
to river barges before the vessels arrive in Antwerp. They then can
be
carried through Holland without police inspection or interference.
The
Hitlerists and Communists are presumed to get arms in this manner.
The principal arms coming from America are Thompson submachine guns
and revolvers. The number is great." Note #2 Note #8 The beginning of
the Hitler regime brought some bizarre changes to the Hamburg-Amerika
Line-and more betrayals.
Prescott Bush's American Ship and Commerce Corp. notified Max Warburg
of Hamburg, Germany, on March 7, 1933, that Warburg was to be the
corporation's official, designated representative on the board of
Hamburg-Amerika. Note #2 Note #9 Max Warburg replied on March 27,
1933, assuring his American sponsors that the Hitler government was
good for Germany: "For the last few years business was considerably
better than we had anticipated, but a reaction is making itself felt
for some months. We are actually suffering also under the very active
propaganda against Germany, caused by some unpleasant circumstances.
These occurrences were the natural consequence of the very excited
election campaign, but were extraordinarily exaggerated in the
foreign
press. The Government is firmly resolved to maintain public peace and
order in Germany, and I feel perfectly convinced in this respect that
there is no cause for any alarm whatsoever." Note #3 Note #0" "On
March 29, 1933, two days after Max's letter to Harriman, Max's son
Erich sent a cable to his cousin Frederick M. Warburg, a director of
the Harriman railroad system. He asked Frederick to "use all your
influence" to stop all anti-Nazi activity in America, including
"atrocity news and unfriendly propaganda in foreign press, mass
meetings, etc." Frederick cabled back to Erich: "No responsible
groups
here urging boycott German goods<,> merely excited
individuals."********** * * " The executive board of the "Hamburg
Amerika Line" "(Hapag)" met jointly with the North German Lloyd
company board in Hamburg on September 5, 1933. Under official Nazi
supervision, the two firms were merged. Prescott Bush's American Ship
and Commerce Corp. installed Christian J. Beck, a longtime Harriman
executive, as manager of freight and operations in North America for
the new joint Nazi shipping lines "(Hapag-Lloyd)") on November 4,
1933.
According to testimony of officials of the companies before Congress
in 1934, a supervisor from the "Nazi Labor Front" rode with every
ship
of the Harriman-Bush line; employees of the New York offices were
directly organized into the Nazi Labor Front organization;
Hamburg-Amerika provided free passage to individuals going abroad for
Nazi propaganda purposes; and the line subsidized pro-Nazi newspapers
in the U.S.A., as it had done in Germany against the constitutional
German government. Note #3 Note #2 In mid-1936, Prescott Bush's
American Ship and Commerce Corp. cabled M.M. Warburg, asking Warburg
to represent the company's heavy share interest at the forthcoming
Hamburg-Amerika stockholders meeting. The Warburg office replied with
the information that "we represented you" at the stockholders meeting
and "exercised on your behalf your voting power for Rm
3,509,600 Hapag stock deposited with us."
From owner-woodco-greens@lists.village.virginia.edu Tue Jun 27 14:05:29 2000
Received: (from domo@localhost)
by lists.village.virginia.edu (8.9.3/8.9.0) id OAA36286
for woodco-greens-outgoing; Tue, 27 Jun 2000 14:05:27 GMT
X-Authentication-Warning: lists.village.virginia.edu: domo set sender to owner-woodco-greens@localhost using -f
Received: from mail.virginia.edu (mail.Virginia.EDU <128.143.2.9>)
by lists.village.virginia.edu (8.9.3/8.9.0) with SMTP id KAA28090
for <woodco-greens@lists.village.virginia.edu>; Tue, 27 Jun 2000 10:05:20 -0400
Received: from jefferson.village.virginia.edu by mail.virginia.edu id aa07569;
27 Jun 2000 10:05 EDT
Received: from hn.egroups.com (hn.egroups.com <208.50.144.84>)
by jefferson.village.Virginia.EDU (8.9.3/8.9.0) with SMTP id KAA13453
for <woodco-greens@jefferson.village.virginia.edu>; Tue, 27 Jun 2000 10:05:09 -0400 (EDT)
X-eGroups-Return: avocadolover@vjmail.com
Received: from <10.1.10.115> by hn.egroups.com with NNFMP; 27 Jun 2000 14:05:09 -0000
Date: Tue, 27 Jun 2000 14:05:00 -0000
From: robert <avocadolover@vjmail.com>
To: woodco-greens@jefferson.village.virginia.edu
Subject: Part 2 Bush (Conclusion)
Message-ID: <8jacae+tm4v@eGroups.com>
User-Agent: eGroups-EW/0.82
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
X-Mailer: eGroups Message Poster
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lists.village.virginia.edu id KAA18363
Sender: owner-woodco-greens@lists.village.virginia.edu
Precedence: bulk
Reply-To: woodco-greens@lists.village.virginia.edu
EXCERPTED FROM MATERIAL FOUND AT
<a href="http://www.padrak.com/alt/BUSHBOOK_1.html#CHAPTER_2">http://www.padrak.com/alt/BUSHBOOK_1.html#CHAPTER_2</a> "The Warburgs
transmitted a letter received from Emil Helfferich, German chief
executive of both Hapag-Lloyd and of the Standard Oil subsidiary in
Nazi Germany: "It is the intention to continue the relations with Mr.
Harriman on the same basis as heretofore...." In a colorful gesture,
Hapag's Nazi chairman Helfferich sent the line's president across the
Atlantic on a Zeppelin to confer with their New York string-pullers.
After the meeting with the Zeppelin passenger, the Harriman-Bush
office replied: "I am glad to learn that Mr. Hellferich has
stated that relations between the Hamburg American Line and ourselves
will be continued on the same basis as heretofore." Note #3 Note #3
Two months before moving against Bush's Union Banking Corp., the U.S.
government ordered the seizure of all property of the
Hamburg-Amerika
Line and North German Lloyd, under the Trading with the Enemy Act.
The investigators noted in the pre-seizure report that Christian J.
Beck was still acting as an attorney representing the Nazi firm. Note
#3 Note #4 In May 1933, just after the Hitler regime was
consolidated,
an agreement was reached in Berlin for the coordination of all Nazi
commerce with the U.S.A. The "Harriman International Co.," led by
Averell Harriman's first cousin Oliver, was to head a syndicate of
150
firms and individuals, to conduct "all exports from Hitler's Germany
to the United States". Note #3 Note #5 This pact had been negotiated
in Berlin between Hitler's economics minister, Hjalmar Schacht, and
John Foster Dulles, international attorney for dozens of Nazi
enterprises, with the counsel of Max Warburg and Kurt von Schroeder.
John Foster Dulles would later be U.S. Secretary of State, and the
great power in the Republican Party of the 1950s. Foster's friendship
and that of his brother Allen (head of the Central Intelligence
Agency), greatly aided Prescott Bush to become the Republican U.S.
senator from Connecticut. And it was to be of inestimable value to
George Bush, in his ascent to the heights of "covert action
government," that both of these Dulles brothers were the lawyers for
the Bush family's far-flung enterprise. Throughout the 1930s, John
Foster Dulles arranged debt restructuring for German firms under a
series of decrees issued by Adolf Hitler. In these deals, Dulles
struck a balance between the interest owed to selected, larger
investors, and the needs of the growing Nazi warmaking apparatus for
producing tanks, poison gas, etc.
Dulles wrote to Prescott Bush in 1937 concerning one such arrangement.
The German-Atlantic Cable Company, owning Nazi Germany's only
telegraph channel to the United States, had made debt and management
agreements with the Walker-Harriman bank during the 1920s. A new
decree would now void those agreements, which had originally been
reached with non-Nazi corporate officials. Dulles asked Bush, who
managed these affairs for Averell Harriman, to get Averell's
signature
on a letter to Nazi officials, agreeing to the changes. Dulles wrote:
"Sept. 22, 1937 "Mr. Prescott S. Bush "59 Wall Street, New York, N.Y.
"Dear Press,
"I have looked over the letter of the German-American Cable
Company to Averell Harriman.... It would appear that the only rights
in the matter are those which inure in the bankers and that no legal
embarrassment would result, so far as the bondholders are concerned,
by your acquiescence in the modification of the bankers' agreement.
"Sincerely yours,
"John Foster Dulles"
Dulles enclosed a proposed draft reply, Bush got Harriman's
signature,
and the changes went through. Note #3 Note #6 In conjunction with
these arrangements, the German Atlantic Cable Company attempted to
stop payment on its debts to smaller American bondholders. The money
was to be used instead for arming the Nazi state, under a decree of
the Hitler government.
Despite the busy efforts of Bush and Dulles, a New York court decided
that this particular Hitler "law" was invalid in the United States;
small bondholders, not parties to deals between the bankers and the
Nazis, were entitled to get paid. Note #3 Note #7 In this and a few
other of the attempted swindles, the intended victims came out with
their money. But the Nazi financial and political reorganization went
ahead to its tragic climax.
For his part in the Hitler revolution, Prescott Bush was paid a
fortune.
This is the legacy he left to his son, President George Bush.
Notes - Chapter 2
1. Office of Alien Property Custodian, Vesting Order Number 248.
Signed by Leo T.
Crowley, Alien Property Custodian, executed October 20, 1942; F.R.
Doc. 42-11568;
Filed, November 6, 1942. 7 Fed. Reg. 9097 (November 7, 1942). The
"New York City Directory of Directors", 1930s-40s, list Prescott Bush
as a director of Union Banking Corp. from 1934 through 1943. 2.
Alien Property Custodian Vesting Order No. 259: Seamless Steel
Equipment Corporation; Vesting Order Number 261: Holland-American
Trading Corp. 3. Alien Property Custodian Vesting Order No. 370:
Silesian-American Corp. 4. "New York Times," December 16, 1944, ran
a
five-paragraph page 25 article on actions of the New York State
Banking Department. Only the last sentence refers to the Nazi bank,
as
follows: "The Union Banking Corporation, 39 Broadway, New York, has
received authority to change its principal place of business to 120
Broadway." The "Times" omitted the fact that the Union Banking
Corporation had been seized by the government for trading with the
enemy, and the fact that 120 Broadway was the address of the
government's Alien Property Custodian. 5. Fritz Thyssen, "I Paid
Hitler", 1941, reprinted in (Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press,
1972), p. 133. Thyssen says his contributions began with 100,000
marks
given in October 1923, for Hitler's attempted "putsch" against the
constitutional government. 6. Confidential memorandum from U.S.
Embassy, Berlin, to the U.S. Secretary of State, April 20, 1932, on
microfilm in "Confidential Reports of U.S. State Dept., 1930s,
Germany," at major U.S. libraries. 7. October 5, 1942, Memorandum to
the Executive Committee of the Office of Alien Property Custodian,
stamped CONFIDENTIAL, from the Division of Investigation and
Research,
Homer Jones, Chief. Now declassified in United States National
Archives, Suitland, Maryland annex. Note Record Group 131, Alien
Property Custodian, investigative reports, in file box relating to
Vesting Order Number 248. 8. "Elimination of German Resources for
War": Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Com mittee on Military
Affairs, United States Senate, Seventy-Ninth Congress;
Part 5, Testimony of Treasury Department, July 2,
1945. Page 507:
Table of Vereinigte Stahlwerke output, figures are percent of German
total as of 1938;
Thyssen organization including Union Banking Corporation pp. 727-731.
9. Robert Sobel, "The Life and Times of Dillon Read" (New York:
Dutton-Penguin, 1991), pp. 92-111. The Dillon Read firm cooperated in
the development of Sobel's book.
10. George Walker to Averell Harriman, August 11, 1927, in W.
Averell
Harriman papers, Library of Congress (hereafter "WAH papers").
11. "Iaccarino" to G. H. Walker, RCA Radiogram Sept. 12, 1927.
12. Andrew Boyle, "Montagu Norman" (London: Cassell, 1967).
Sir Henry Clay, "Lord Norman" (London, MacMillan & Co., 1957), pp.
18, 57, 70-71. John A. Kouwenhouven, "Partners in Banking ... Brown
Brothers Harriman" (Garden City: Doubleday & Co., 1969). 13.
Coordination of much of the Hitler project took place at a single New
York address.
The Union Banking Corporation had been set up by George Walker at 39
Broadway. Management of the Hamburg-Amerika Line, carried out
through
Harriman's American Ship and Commerce Corp., was also set up by
George
Walker at 39 Broadway. 14. Interrogation of Fritz Thyssen, EF/Me/1
of
Sept. 4, 1945 in U.S. Control Council records, photostat on page 167
in Anthony Sutton, "An Introduction to The Order" (Billings, Mt.:
Liberty House Press, 1986).
15. "Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, Supplement B", by the Office
of United States Chief of Counsel for Prosecution of Axis
Criminality,
U. S. Government Printing Office, (Washington, D.C., 1948), pp.
1597,
1686.
16. "Consolidated Silesian Steel Corporation -
Meeting of Board of Directors," October 31, 1930 (WAH papers), shows
Averell Harriman as Chairman of the Board. Prescott Bush to W.A.
Harriman, Memorandum December 19, 1930 on their Harriman Fifteen Corp.
Annual Report of United Konigs and Laura Steel and Iron Works for the
year 1930 (WAH papers) lists "Dr. Friedrich Flick ... Berlin" and
"William Averell Harriman ... New York" on the Board of Directors.
"Harriman Fifteen Coporation Securities Position February 28, 1931,"
WAH papers. This report shows Harriman Fifteen Corporation holding
32,576 shares in Silesian Holding Co. V.T.C. worth (in scarce
depression dollars) $1,628,800, just over half the value of the
Harriman Fifteen Corporation's total holdings. The "New York City
Directory of Directors" volumes for the 1930s (available at the
Library of Congress) show Prescott Sheldon Bush and W. Averell
Harriman as the directors of Harriman Fifteen Corp. "Appointments,"
(three typed pages) marked "Noted May 18 1931 W.A.H.," (among the
papers from Prescott Bush's New York Office of Brown Brothers
Harriman, WAH papers), lists a meeting between Averell Harriman and
Friedrich Flick in Berlin at 4:00 P.M., Wednesday April 22, 1931.
This was followed immediately by a meeting with Wilhelm Cuno, chief
executive of the Hamburg-Amerika Line.
The "Report To the Stockholders of the Harriman Fifteen Corporation,"
October 19, 1933 (WAH papers) names G.H. Walker as president of the
corporation. It shows the Harriman Fifteen Corp.'s address as 1 Wall
Street
· the location of G.H. Walker and Co.
17. "Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, Supplement B", "op. cit.," p.
1686. 18. Jim Flaherty (a BBH manager, Prescott Bush's employee),
March 19, 1934 to W.A. Harriman.
"Dear Averell:
"In Roland's absence Pres thought it adviseable for me to let
you know that we received the following cable from representative] Rossi dated March 17th Polish government]...." 19. Harriman Fifteen Corporation notice to
stockholders January 7, 1935, under the name of George Walker,
President. 20. Order No. 370: Silesian-American Corp. Executed
November 17, 1942. Signed by Leo T. Crowley, Alien Prop. Custodian.
F.R. Doc. 42-14183; Filed, December 31, 1942; 8 Fed. Reg. 33 (Jan.
1,
1943). The order confiscated the Nazis' holdings of 98,000 shares of
common and 50,000 shares of preferred stock in Silesian-American.
The
Nazi parent company in Breslau, Germany wrote to Averell Harriman at
59 Wall St. on Aug. 5, 1940, with "an invitation to take part in the
regular meeting of the members of the Bergwerksgesellscaft Georg
von Giesche's Erben...." WAH papers. 21. Sept. 25, 1942, Memorandum
To the Executive Committee of the Office of Alien Property Custodian,
stamped CONFIDENTIAL, from the Division of Investigation and
Research,
Homer Jones, Chief. Now declassified in United States National
Archives, Suitland, Maryland annex. See Record Group 131, Alien
Property Custodian, investigative reports, in file box relating to
Vesting Order Number 370. 22. George Walker was a director of
American Ship and Commerce from its organization through 1928.
Consult
"New York City Directory of Directors". "Harriman Fifteen
Corporation
Securities Position February 28, 1931," "op. cit." The report lists
46,861 shares in the American Ship & Commerce Corp. See "Message
from
Mr. Bullfin," August 30, 1934 (Harriman Fifteen section, WAH papers)
for the joint supervision of Bush and Walker, respectively director
and president of the corporation.
23. Cuno was later exposed by Walter Funk, Third Reich Press Chief
and Under Secretary of Propaganda, in Funk's postwar jail cell at
Nuremberg; but Cuno had died just as Hitler was taking power. William
L. Shirer, L., "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich" (New York:
Simon and Schuster, 1960), p. 144. "Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression,
Supplement B", "op. cit.," p. 1688.
24. See "Elimination of German Resources for War," "op. cit.,"
pages 881-882 on Voegler.
See Annual Report of the
(Hamburg-Amerikanische-Packetfahrt-Aktien-Gesellschaft (Hapag or
Hamburg-Amerika Line), March 1931, for the board of directors. A copy
is in the New York Public Library Annex at 11th Avenue, Manhattan.
25. "Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression-Supplement B," "op. cit.," pp.
1178, 1453-1454, 1597, 1599.
See "Elimination of German Resources for War," "op. cit.," pp. 870-72
on Schroeder; p. 730 on Groeninger.
26. Annual Report of Hamburg-Amerika, "op. cit."
Baron Rudolph Schroeder, Sr. to Averell Harriman, November 14, 1932.
K
W handwritten note and draft reply letter, December 9, 1932.
In his letter, Baron Rudolph refers to the family's American
affiliate, J. Henry Schroder , of which Allen
Dulles
was a director, and his brother John Foster Dulles was the principal
attorney. Baron Bruno Schroder of the British branch was adviser to
Bank of England Governor Montagu Norman, and Baron Bruno's partner
Frank Cyril Tiarks was Norman's co-director of the Bank of England
throughout Norman's career. Kurt von Schroeder was Hjalmar Schacht's
delegate to the Bank for International Settlements in Geneva, where
many of the financial arrangements for the Nazi regime were made by
Montagu Norman, Schacht and the Schroeders for several years of the
Hitler regime right up to the outbreak of World War II.
27. Confidential memorandum from U.S. Embassy, Berlin, "op. cit."
28. U.S. Senate "Nye Committee" hearings, Sept. 14, 1934, pp.
1197-1198, extracts from letters of Col. William N. Taylor, dated
June
27, 1932 and January 9, 1933. 29. American Ship and Commerce
Corporation to Dr. Max Warburg, March 7, 1933. Max Warburg had
brokered the sale of Hamburg-Amerika to Harriman and Walker in 1920.
Max's brothers controlled the Kuhn Loeb investment banking house in
New York, the firm which had staked old E.H. Harriman to his 1890s
buyout of the giant Union Pacific Railroad. Max Warburg had long
worked with Lord Milner and others of the racialist British Round
Table concerning joint projects in Africa and Eastern Europe. He was
an advisor to Hjalmar Schacht for several decades and was a top
executive of Hitler's Reichsbank. The reader may consult David
Farrer,
"The Warburgs: The Story of A Family" (New York: Stein and Day, 1975).
30. Max Warburg, at M.M. Warburg and Co., Hamburg, to Averill
Harriman, c/o Messrs. Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., 59 Wall Street,
New York, N.Y., March 27, 1933.
31. This correspondence, and the joint statement of the Jewish
organizations, are reproduced in Moshe R. Gottlieb, "American
Anti-Nazi Resistance, 1933-41: An Historical Analysis" (New York:
Ktav
Publishing House, 1982). 32. "Investigation of Nazi Propaganda
Activities and Investigation of Certain Other Propaganda Activities":
Public Hearings before A Subcommittee of the Special Committee on
Un-American Activities, United States House of Representatives,
Seventy Third Congress, New York City, July 9-12, 1934 --
Hearings No. 73-NY-7 (Washington, D.C., U.S. Govt. Printing Office,
1934). See testimony of Capt. Frederick C. Mensing, John Schroeder,
Paul von Lilienfeld-Toal, and summaries by Committee members. See
"New York Times," July 16, 1933, p. 12, for organizing of Nazi Labor
Front at North German Lloyd, leading to Hamburg-Amerika after merger.
33. American Ship and Commerce Corporation telegram to Rudolph
Brinckmann at M.M. Warburg, June 12, 1936. Rudolph Brinckmann to
Averell Harriman at 59 Wall St., June 20, 1936, with enclosed note
transmitting Helferrich's letter. Reply to Dr. Rudolph Brinkmann c/o
M.M. Warburg and Co, July 6, 1936, WAH papers. The file copy of this
letter carries no signature, but is presumably from Averell Harriman.
34. Office of Alien Property Custodian, Vesting Order Number 126.
Signed by Leo T.
Crowley, Alien Property Custodian, executed August 28, 1942. F.R.
Doc. 42-8774;
Filed September 4, 1942, 10:55 A.M.; 7 F.R. 7061 (Number 176, Sept.
5, 1942.) July 18, 1942, Memorandum To the Executive Committee of the
Office of Alien Property Custodian, stamped CONFIDENTIAL, from the
Division of Investigation and Research, Homer Jones, Chief. Now
declassified in United States National Archives, Suitland, Maryland
annex. See Record Group 131, Alien Property Custodian, investigative
reports, in file box relating to Vesting Order Number 126. 35. "New
York Times," May 20, 1933. Leading up to this agreement is a telegram
which somehow escaped the shredder. It is addressed to Nazi official
Hjalmar Schacht at the Mayflower Hotel, Washington, dated May 11,
1933: "Much disappointed to have missed seeing you Tueday
afternoon.... I hope to see you either in Washington or New York
before you sail. with my regards W.A. Harriman" (WAH papers).
36. Dulles to Bush, letter and draft reply in WAH papers.
37. "New York Times," Jan. 19, 1938."
END OF INFORMATION FOUND AT
<a href="http://www.padrak.com/alt/BUSHBOOK_1.html#CHAPTER_2">http://www.padrak.com/alt/BUSHBOOK_1.html#CHAPTER_2</a>
From owner-woodco-greens@lists.village.virginia.edu Tue Jun 27 18:12:53 2000
Received: (from domo@localhost)
by lists.village.virginia.edu (8.9.3/8.9.0) id SAA38283
for woodco-greens-outgoing; Tue, 27 Jun 2000 18:12:51 GMT
X-Authentication-Warning: lists.village.virginia.edu: domo set sender to owner-woodco-greens@localhost using -f
Received: from mail.virginia.ed
Printer-friendly format
Email this thread to a friend
Bookmark this thread
(1000+ posts)
Send PM |
Profile |
Ignore
