Turkish Raki is different from the various Greek Raki, but is flavored with aniseeds during distillation. Indeed Turkish Raki is not always made from distilled razaki grapes but is made from different fruits in different regions - however grapes, figs and plums are the main ones. Always the distilled alcoholic beverage is strongly aromatized with lots of anise.
I do not like it as much as Ouzo, which seems smoother and more effective on the knee joints and in clearing the head = at least IMHO. Beyond the different taste, there is the idea that the name comes not from the grape - but from its effect as described in Arabic. Arak in Arabic means "sweat" and araki "that which makes one sweat" and indeed drinking can cause sweat, or if you like, watching the distillation process you could say each distilled drop falls drop by drop like sweat, so the name could have come from Arabic! By the way - Greek Raki from raki grapes is made in ones home and takes about 7 to 8 hours of cooking and sending the steam through the pipes (the first part sucks - and the last part is too mild - so one must have good taste buds and use them so as to know what part is a "keeper".
Now the other Raki that lie about the Med are a bit closer to Ouzo.
There is a version in Greece that has gum is added to it and the drink is called "Mastika".
The Slavic folks have Duziko which comes from the slavic word "Duz" which means raki grape with aniseed.
And there is a Raki - besides Ouzo - that I like - The Cretan distilled-grape-and anise blessed
Tsipouro is a strong distilled spirit containing approximately 37 per cent alcohol per volume and is produced from the must-residue of the wine-press. The name tsipouro is used throughout the country, except for Crete, where the same spirit with a stronger aroma is known as tsikoudia. During the Turkish occupation of Crete the name raki was given to the local tsikoudia, since there were some similarities (for example - the anise). Now both names are used in Crete equally.
While Turkish raki goes back at least 300 years, the Greek variations go back to early Byzantine empire.
In the European Union the law now states that ouzo, tsipouro, tsikoudia and the distillation of Corinthian currant as exclusive Greek products - so any Raki not made in Greece must carry the Raki name. The European Union protects the following unique spirits as being only original when coming from its original place: Cognac, Brandy de Jerez, Grappa di Barolo, Berliner Kümmel, Genièvre Flandres Artois, Scotch Whisky, Irish Whiskey, Tsikoudia from Crete.
The names of tsipouro, tsikoudia and ouzo are and have been mixed up often. Ouzo is being produced traditionally and exclusively in Greece. It belongs to the "anise" category and has an aniseed flavour (aniseed is what gives ouzo its trademark milky countenance when water is added). The indigenous mastic (masticha) of Chios island, ginger, cinnamon and other aromatic seeds, plants and fruits are all part of the distillation process, and give ouzo its distinctive taste. Its main distinction from other similar drinks lies with the traditional method of its flavouring.
In 1896 a professor Alexander Filadelfefs noticed and wrote about how the word "ouzo" had come to replace the word "tsipouro" in many places, saying that tsipouro gradually became ouzo after a Turkish Turkish consulate physician, named Anastas Bey "gave" it that name. The story the professor tells is that back in the days that Thessaly exported fine cocoons to Marseilles (during the 19th century) they distinguish the product from other shipping by stamping on the outgoing crates "uso Massalia" - Italian for 'to be used by Marseilles'. One day, the Turkish consulate physician, named Anastas Bey, happened to be visiting the town of Tyrnavos and was asked to sample the local tsipouro. Upon tasting the drink, the physician immediately exclaimed: 'This is uso Massalia, my friends' - refering to its high quality. The term subsequently spread by word of mouth, until tsipouro gradually became known as ouzo.
Tsikoudia is known as zivania in Cyprus and souma in the Cycladic islands.
As with many gastronomic delicacies, most alcoholic beverages have their roots in poverty. Tsipouro and tsikoudia are produced in poor viniculture soil. Therefore, every year after the vines are pruned, the vineyard provides wood for the fireplace, grape leaves for cooking (the famous Greek "dolmades"), grapes as a fruit or as a pastry and, of course, wine. Some of the grape must is used to make molasses, which when combined with flour become must-jelly, must-rolls as well as other well-known Greek pastries. When must is made from grapes, the seeds, stems and grape-peels aren't thrown away, rather they are distilled to produce tsipouro and tsikoudia, spirits consumed for centuries in this part of the Mediterranean.
In some places of Crete people make a variety of tsikoudia, called mournoraki. This is coloured red and is distilled from mulberries. It is quite rare and even more strong then tsikoudia. I've only seen it in Anopoli, Sfakia region.