How Dixieland Got Its Name and Other French Influence Facts in the United States
http://www.geocities.com/old_time_time/dixieland.htmHow the southern states got to be known as Dixieland is just another example of the French influence in the United States. If you go back in history from the 16th Century through the 19th, you will see that every major region in our nation was explored and settled by Frenchmen and French Canadians.
Let's look at Dixie first. The name was born and coined before the Civil War. Money was pouring out of the port of New Orleans like crazy. Boats of every description lined the levee on the riverfront waiting for cargoes to be loaded down the Mississippi and up the river to America's heartland or even overseas.
The city was divided at Canal Street. On one side were the French, and on the other were les Americains. Kentucky and Tennessee boatmen, with lots of cash after selling their cargoes, flocked the street. Mais, they had to use de l'argent Francais on the downriver side of the street, and American money on the upriver side.
But the officials of Citizen's Bank of New Orleans met and said 'On vas arranger ca." So to the satisfaction of all, the bank began issuing bilingual $10 bank notes. On the face of the note was the English word "ten" and the French word 'dix', and the boatmen corrupted the word dix (which is French for ten) by saying they were going to New Orleans "to get those old dixies.' So that is how the word dixie became an adjective to describe things of Southern origin, and from there it became a noun to describe the South itself. And I'm just crazy about the Dixie Chicks!
The United States has over 5,000 communities with French names. How did these places acquire French names? They were named by French refugees settling here and Huguenots, or, even earlier, by French explorers who opened up the central United States. The map of the United States is full of such names, sometimes transformed and Anglicized (the Ozarks were named Aux Arcs).
Other places are named after prominent Frenchmen, such as Hugoton, Kansas, named after Victor Hugo, author of LES Miserables; Louisville, Kentucky, named after King Louis XVI; Talleyrand, Indiana, named for the Talleyrand/Perignard family and the forty two cities named Layayette, named after the Marquis de Lafayette (1757-1834) who, at the age of 19 and a very rich man, came to join General George Washington in 1776 to help win the Revolutionary War. Invited by the U.S. Congress in 1825, he returned on a triumph voyage to where he had helped liberate a people. The grateful new nation bestowed upon him the special title "Citizen of the United States," transmissible to all his direct descendants. The law is still valid today. George Washington said that without Lafayette's help the war could not have been won.
Other municipalities in the U.S. are named after French cities and towns such as Brest, Michigan; Fountainbleu, Montana; Montpelier, capital of Vermont; Abbeville, Louisiana; and Paris, of which there are fifty in the United States. Some names were taken from the natural environment like Caribou, Colorado; L'Anguille (eel), Arkansas; Pomme de terre, Minnesota; Papillon, Arkansas; Terre Haute, Indiana; Ville Platte, Louisiana; and how about L'Anse Aux Pailles; L'Anse Bleu; L'Anse Megre; and La Pointe Aux Pins. And, sorry but Patasa is not a French name; it's a Choctaw Indian name meaning "flat fish."
We learned in history about how the Mayflower arrived at Plymouth Rock in 1604.
<correct date is 1620...SCD> But we were not taught that one of the pilgrims was a Frenchman. His name was Guillaume Mullins (probably of the French family Molines) and he arrived at Plymouth with his wife, two children, son Joseph and daughter Priscilla, and his two servants, George Saule and Robert-Carte (Cartier). The American poet, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882), a descendant on his mother's side, immortalized his ancestor's story in his novel, The Courtship of Miles Standish. (Longfellow also immortalized our parish namesake in his epic poem Evangeline). And the first white child born in New York is believed to be by most historians Jean Vigne, the son of a French Protestant.
We were taught in high school history about the midnight ride of Paul Revere, but what we were not taught is that Paul Revere's real name was Paul Rivoire, the son of Appolos Rivoire, a gold and silversmith. Paul Rivoire played an important part in the struggle for American independence when he rode his horse from Charleston to Lexington to warn the Americans of an attack by the British. He was immortalized in "The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere." He worked as a bellmaker and furnished Fulton with copper sheeting for the construction of the first steamship.
You probably remember studying about John C. Fremont (1813-1890) in high school history. Actually his name was Jean-Charles Fremont and he was the son of a Quebecois. Fremont arrived in California in the middle of the 19th century when he was already well known as an explorer. At Sonora de Los Angeles in 1846 he commanded one of the armies which vanquished the Mexicans in the struggle for the country. He was governor of a free California until its annexation to the U.S. in 1850. The electors of the new state chose him as their senator.
Jean-Charles Fremont was the Republican Party's first candidate for president of the United States. Part of his platform was halting the advance of slavery into the free state, bringing Kansas into the Union, changing the policy of President Franklin Pierce, and building the Pacific railroad. He was defeated by James Buchanan. He later served as a Union general in the War Between the States (1861-1865) and after the war he became president of the Memphis, El Paso and Pacific Railroad. He was governor of the territory of Arizona in 1878, and he was a major general in the American army.
William Gilet, count de Foix, a French Huguenot, was the ancestor of the Gillette family in Connecticut. And chew on this a while: one of the best investments in history was made by twenty individuals, who, in 1901 paid $250 each for 500 shares in a new company organized by an erstwhile sidewalk vendor named King C. Gillette - the company manufactured safety razors. Only fifty-three razors were made in the U.S. in 1903. If someone had made the original investment, and held onto his/her stock until 1975, his worth would have been in the neighborhood of 50 million dollars!
Other prominent Americans of French ancestry include the Tiffanys, who came from Champagne, France (Louis Tiffany founded the internationally known company in New York in 1837); John Jay, a French Huguenot, who was the first chief justice of New York and secretary for foreign affairs. He later became the first chief justice of the U.S. and in 1794, signed a treaty with Lord Grenville, which became known as Jay's Treaty, ending the military dispute between the United States and England. He later became governor of New York. John Audubon (1785-1857), American ornithologist, painter and naturalist was of French descent and he painted many of the birds in his classic collection of "Birds of North America" while living in the Felicianas in south Louisiana.
In the early 1960s, Charles DeGaulle, president of France, visited New Orleans. After meeting the general, the colorful sheriff of St. Landry Parish, D.J. "Cat" Doucet told his friends, "Tu connais, lui il parle beaucoup bien en Francais." (You know him, he speaks very good French.)
I bet you were not taught any of this in high school history. Jusqu'a une autre fois, que le bon Dieu vous benisse mes amis .......