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Yesterday India, the second biggest consumer of wheat, waded into the global market to try to buy 50pc more of the grain than suppliers were offering. Last year, the subcontinent swung dramatically from exporting surplus wheat to importing it. Elsewhere, Russia said it was considering curbs on exports to keep a lid on prices at home. Australia, the third-biggest exporter of wheat, warned that its output this year might be 18pc less than a previous government estimate. A second year of drought means Aussie farmers will again miss out on sky-high farm-gate prices.
Wheat hit a new record last week in Chicago, topping $8 (£3.97) a bushel. It has risen by 54pc in three months and no one is prepared to stand in the way of the agricultural bull. "Until immediate supply concerns are fixed, there's no reason why we should stop at the moment," said one trader.
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If the demand side looks stretched, the supply picture is not much brighter. According to Diapason, most good-quality agricultural land is already in production. What's worse, about 35pc of that land has been seriously damaged by the intensive agriculture practised since the Second World War. Humus, the fertile part of soil, takes up to 500 years to regenerate, too long for an impatient world. Perhaps 30pc of all agricultural land could be unusable within 15 years, it has been estimated.
That means that the "green revolution" of the 1970s and 1980s, which saw yields soar, is over. Between 1970 and 2000 the world's deserts expanded by 160m hectares - an area about equal in size to seven Great Britains. The area of wheat and barley cultivated around the world has been in decline for 25 years. With stocks of key commodities heading for generational lows, there is no longer any slack in the system and prices look certain to rise further.
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http://www.telegraph.co.uk/money/main.jhtml?xml=/money/2007/09/05/ccwheat105.xml