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Edited on Sun Sep-04-05 07:10 PM by Gloria
be the hierarchy....with regard to Northern Command. It talks about "dual roles" and other potential sources of confusion....notes the National Response Plan
htt://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0905/090205nj1.htm
snip
As Hurricane Katrina and the catastrophic flooding of New Orleans illustrate, however, some natural disasters can wreak havoc on a scale that quickly overwhelms local and state authorities. In such civil emergencies, the U.S. military has traditionally been asked to contribute its unique capabilities in terms of command-and-control, communications, air- and sealift, search-and-rescue, emergency medical response, and sheer manpower. Since the establishment of Northern Command, however, the Pentagon no longer offers such assistance ad hoc, or as an afterthought to the military's primary mission of fighting wars. As one of the Pentagon's joint, unified commands headed by a four-star flag officer, Northern Command has meticulously planned for homeland-defense and disaster-relief missions and held exercises. In July 2004, for instance, the command participated in a training exercise that simulated how to respond to a Category 3 hurricane striking New Orleans and producing a storm surge that crested the city's protective levees and killed thousands.
During a crisis, often the first question asked of NorthCom, a relatively new command, is the most fundamental and difficult of them all. "The first question we have to ask and answer, along with all the agencies we work with, is, Who is in charge?" said Navy Capt. Brad Johanson, chief of NorthCom's Joint Operations Center. If it's a natural disaster like Hurricane Katrina, FEMA is the lead agency, with Northern Command in support. In a wildfire, the Agriculture Department will typically take the lead, through its National Interagency Fire Center. In the case of a terrorist infiltration where military assets are helping to monitor the situation, the FBI will usually be in charge.
"On the other hand," Johanson said, "a homeland-defense event such as a catastrophic attack using weapons of mass destruction would likely be NorthCom's primary responsibility, because we have a lot of unique capabilities in that regard. We know where that equipment and capability is, we know where it would need to go, and we have the means to get it there fast. And until you practice these scenarios, and see how a situation can escalate and evolve, with the lead-agency role shifting over time, it's hard to know who does what to whom, and when."
To sort out the complex and shifting command arrangements, and to smooth over the various seams between agencies tasked with responding to disasters, the Homeland Security Department created the exhaustive National Response Plan, which runs to hundreds of pages. In the event of a terrorist attack involving nuclear weapons or a radiological "dirty bomb," for instance, the plan envisions DHS providing overall federal guidance and designating the Defense and Energy departments, among others, as likely "coordinating" bodies to manage the federal response.
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