An incendiary Black Preacher.....

[Armstead]

Although there is no comparison in many ways, the rhetoric of Obama's minister does have its precedents...

Martin Luther King:

"Perhaps a more tragic recognition of reality took place when it became clear to me that the war was doing far more than devastating the hopes of the poor at home. It was sending their sons and their brothers and their husbands to fight and to die in extraordinarily high proportions relative to the rest of the population. We were taking the black young men who had been crippled by our society and sending them eight thousand miles away to guarantee liberties...which they had not found in southwest Georgia and East Harlem.

So we have been repeatedly faced with the cruel irony of watching Negro and white boys on TV screens as they kill and die together for a nation that has been unable to seat them together in the same schools. So we watch them in brutal solidarity burning the huts of a poor village, but we realize that they would hardly live on the same block in Chicago. I could not be silent in the face of such cruel manipulation of the poor.

...So they go, primarily women and children and the aged. They watch as we poison their water, as we kill a million acres of their crops. They must weep as the bulldozers roar through their areas preparing to destroy the precious trees. They wander into the hospitals with at least twenty casualties from American firepower for one Vietcong-inflicted injury. So far we may have killed a million of them, mostly children. They wander into the towns and see thousands of the children, homeless, without clothes, running in packs on the streets like animals. They see the children degraded by our soldiers as they beg for food. They see the children selling their sisters to our soldiers, soliciting for their mothers.

What do the peasants think as we ally ourselves with the landlords and as we refuse to put any action into our many words concerning land reform? What do they think as we test out our latest weapons on them, just as the Germans tested out new medicine and new tortures in the concentration camps of Europe? Where are the roots of the independent Vietnam we claim to be building? Is it among these voiceless ones?

We have destroyed their two most cherished institutions: the family and the village. We have destroyed their land and their crops. We have cooperated in the crushing of the nation’s only non-communist revolutionary political force, the unified Buddhist Church. We have supported the enemies of the peasants of Saigon. We have corrupted their women and children and killed their men. ...

We are adding cynicism to the process of death, for they must know after a short period there that none of the things we claim to be fighting for are really involved. Before long they must know that their government has sent them into a struggle among Vietnamese, and the more sophisticated surely realize that we are on the side of the wealthy, and the secure, while we create a hell for the poor. Somehow this madness must cease...."

-----

[JohnnyLib2]

1. In so many ways, we have suddenly regressed to the 60s --

and I mean the ugly parts, the deteriorating mood toward separation and violent clashes. MLK led the movement for change, yes, and the resistance ran deep, strong, and with a sense of righteousness. Social progress was made. Yet, here we are in 2008, with loud cries of racism (black or white), growing distrust, and more. "Somehow the madness must cease....." still true.

[K Gardner]

2. Yes, beautiful OP and wonderful response. K&R to both.

[burythehatchet]

3. the way I see it, the liberal energy of the 60's was misplaced until

the end of the 21st century. I feel that a liberal rebirth has the potential to occur with Obama. I want to continue the evolution of 60's liberalism.

[rug]

4. So much for leading the nation out of the old politics.

[Armstead]

6. I guess MLK is on the Clinton's shit-list now?

[rug]

7. Ask them. What do you think they'll tell you?

[JoFerret]

31. It's not Clintons you need to worry about.

And your comment is a bit silly given what is going down here.

There is no "joy" in this.

Seems to me that Wright is so far from being MLK. So very far. And that makes me very sad.
If MLK could have lived...
..perhaps we would have been further along.
We certainly would be in a different place.

[americanstranger]

33. RE: It's not Clintons you need to worry about.

There is no "joy" in this.

Wish I could say you're right about that.

Fact is, there's plenty of joy among some Clinton supporters about this. Look around.

And if it distresses you, do me a favor and call them out on it. I've tried civil discussion, and all I get back is jacked-up rhetoric about what a phony Obama is and how satisfied they are that he's finally gotten what's been coming to him.

It's fucking sad. We should be ashamed and embarrased to call ourselves liberals.

- as

[redstate_democrat]

5. kicked!

[NMMNG]

8. OMFG

You're comparing Wright to MLK? :puke:

[Armstead]

15. I am saying that Wright is not the only activist who has used strong rhetoric

And if you had read the post, you will note that I distinctly said that in many ways they are NOT comparable.

[NMMNG]

18. I read the post

I don't find them comparable in any way, except skin color.

[HughMoran]

22. I was thinking "please don't soil MLK in this way"

This just isn't a good idea.

[Armstead]

24. I was thiunking "Don;t soil Obama in this way with false accusations out of context."

[HughMoran]

25. I hear ya

You won't ever see me promoting an attack on either candidate.

[Catherina]

27. America has "sanitized" MLK into something he wasn't

It's time some people starting facing truth. We gave you Martin Luther King. Since so many people have a difficult time understanding Black culture and thought, we have to spell it out. People here have been vile about Jeremiah Wright and vile towards our culture of which our churches are a big part.

Please don't tell me what's a good idea or not. I'm SICK of the hate. Because of the hate White America had for Dr King, we took out a one million dollar life insurance out on Pastor Jeremiah Wright when he was a young pastor. We're going to keep protecting our truthtellers and won't be silent while this latest smear fest to goes on.

[HughMoran]

28. Grew up with it

You have a lot of nerve thinking that you know my history with MLK and what my background is.

You really are arrogant and presumptuous.

[NMMNG]

29. Sadly he's been soiled repeatedly this campaign season

:-(

[JoFerret]

9. Word to the wise: JW is no MLK

.

[Neshanic]

10. THAT is the understatement of the night.

[Armstead]

16. See my post above...

But what I am saying is that people who are deservedly respected like MLK have said inflammatory and controversial things.

King's (justifibly) strong rhetoric at times could easily have been branded in the same way Wrights is being used now to discredit Obama.

[verelsol]

11. MLK never justify terrorist attacks against America

Correct me if I am wrong.

[Armstead]

17. He did not -- But he did say somthing close to Wright's claim about 9-11

This is all a slippery slope. I am not defending Wright's excesses. But those who would tar Obama with his words and use them to discredit Obama should not be quite so hasty to jump to conclusions.

King did NOT justify terrorism -- but he did say very harsh things about American policies and behavioirs, and did warn that unless we changed there would be hell to pay in similar ways as 9-11.

King:

"In 1957, a sensitive American official overseas said that it seemed to him that our nation was on the wrong side of a world revolution. During the past ten years we have seen emerge a pattern of suppression which has now justified the presence of U.S. military advisors in Venezuela. This need to maintain social stability for our investment accounts for the counter-revolutionary action of American forces in Guatemala. It tells why American helicopters are being used against guerrillas in Cambodia and why American napalm and Green Beret forces have already been active against rebels in Peru.

It is with such activity in mind that the words of the late John F. Kennedy come back to haunt us. Five years ago he said, "Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable." Increasingly, by choice or by accident, this is the role our nation has taken: the role of those who make peaceful revolution impossible by refusing to give up the privileges and the pleasures that come from the immense profits of overseas investments. I am convinced that if we are to get on the right side of the world revolution, we as a nation must undergo a radical revolution of values. We must rapidly begin , we must rapidly begin the shift from a thing-oriented society to a person-oriented society. When machines and computers, profit motives and property rights, are considered more important than people, the giant triplets of racism, extreme materialism, and militarism are incapable of being conquered.

A true revolution of values will soon cause us to question the fairness and justice of many of our past and present policies. On the one hand we are called to play the Good Samaritan on life’s roadside, but that will be only an initial act. One day we must come to see that the whole Jericho Road must be transformed so that men and women will not be constantly beaten and robbed as they make their journey on life’s highway. True compassion is more than flinging a coin to a beggar. It comes to see that an edifice which produces beggars needs restructuring.

A true revolution of values will soon look uneasily on the glaring contrast of poverty and wealth. With righteous indignation, it will look across the seas and see individual capitalists of the West investing huge sums of money in Asia, Africa, and South America, only to take the profits out with no concern for the social betterment of the countries, and say: "This is not just." It will look at our alliance with the landed gentry of South America and say: "This is not just." The Western arrogance of feeling that it has everything to teach others and nothing to learn from them is not just.

A true revolution of values will lay hands on the world order and say of war: "This way of settling differences is not just." This business of burning human beings with napalm, of filling our nation’s homes with orphans and widows, of injecting poisonous drugs of hate into the veins of peoples normally humane, of sending men home from dark and bloody battlefields physically handicapped and psychologically deranged, cannot be reconciled with wisdom, justice, and love. A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death.

America, the richest and most powerful nation in the world, can well lead the way in this revolution of values. There is nothing except a tragic death wish to prevent us from reordering our priorities, so that the pursuit of peace will take precedence over the pursuit of war. There is nothing to keep us from molding a recalcitrant status quo with bruised hands until we have fashioned it into a brotherhood.

This kind of positive revolution of values is our best defense against communism. War is not the answer. Communism will never be defeated by the use of atomic bombs or nuclear weapons. Let us not join those who shout war and, through their misguided passions, urge the United States to relinquish its participation in the United Nations. These are days which demand wise restraint and calm reasonableness. We must not engage in a negative anti-communism, but rather in a positive thrust for democracy, realizing that our greatest defense against communism is to take offensive action in behalf of justice. We must with positive action seek to remove those conditions of poverty, insecurity, and injustice which are the fertile soil in which the seed of communism grows and develops.

These are revolutionary times. All over the globe men are revolting against old systems of exploitation and oppression, and out of the wounds of a frail world new systems of justice and equality are being born. The shirtless and barefoot people of the land are rising up as never before. The people who sat in darkness have seen a great light. We in the West must support these revolutions.

It is a sad fact that because of comfort, complacency, a morbid fear of communism, and our proneness to adjust to injustice, the Western nations that initiated so much of the revolutionary spirit of the modern world have now become the arch anti-revolutionaries. This has driven many to feel that only Marxism has a revolutionary spirit. Therefore, communism is a judgement against our failure to make democracy real and follow through on the revolutions that we initiated. Our only hope today lies in our ability to recapture the revolutionary spirit and go out into a sometimes hostile world declaring eternal hostility to poverty, racism, and militarism. With this powerful commitment we shall boldly challenge the status quo and unjust mores, and thereby speed the day when "every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low; (Yes) the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain."

[AX10]

12. MLK never defended acts of terrorism against the United States.

JW is no better than David Duke.

[Levgreee]

13. He didn't defend it. He just said we had a hand in making it happen in how we acted towards world

[Armstead]

19. Please read post 17

[Catherina]

20. I'll ignore your ridiculous comment and post this for people capable of understanding MLK

Jeremiah Wright gives the keynote speech at the Martin Luther King Jr. Day ceremonies downtown yesterday at Heritage Hall



In 1967, civil rights hero Martin Luther King Jr. gave a speech criticizing the divisive, politically explosive war in Vietnam. He talked of a dangerous era where "the giant triplets or racism, extreme materialism and militarism are incapable of being conquered."

At an event honoring his legacy almost 40 years later, Rev. Jeremiah Wright argued that those words could depict today's reality.

Including his belief that no one has truly listened to King.

"The vast majority of Americans didn't hear him, and on some days, it feels like no one heard him," Wright said.


http://media.www.kykernel.com/media/storage/paper305/news/2006/01/17/CampusNews/A.Real.Need.To.hear.King-1370752.shtml

THE INNER TRUTH

by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Riverside Church, New York City, April 4th, 1967

"A time comes when silence is betrayal. Even when pressed by the demands of inner truth, men do not easily assume the task of opposing their government's policy, especially in time of war. Nor does the human spirit move without great difficulty against all the apathy of conformist thought within one's own bosom and in the surrounding world. Moreover, when the issues at hand seem as perplexing as they often do in the case of dreadful conflict, we are always on the verge of being mesmerized by uncertainty. But we must move on."

"Some of us who have already begun to break the silence of the night have found that the calling to speak is often a vocation of agony, but we must speak. We must speak with all the humility that is appropriate to our limited vision, but we must speak. For we are deeply in need of a new way beyond the darkness that seems so close around us."

"We are called to speak for the weak, for the voiceless, for the victims of our nation, for those it calls "enemy," for no document from human hands can make these humans any less our brothers. I think of them, too, because it is clear to me that there will be no meaningful solution until some attempt is made to know them and hear their broken cries."



"I am convinced that if we are to get on the right side of the world revolution, we as a nation must undergo a radical revolution of values. We must rapidly begin the shift from a thing-oriented society to a person-oriented society. When machines and computers, profit motives and property rights, are considered more important than people, the giant triplets of racism, extreme materialism, and militarism are incapable of being conquered."

"A true revolution of values will lay hand on the world order and say of war, "This way of settling differences is not just." A nation that continues year and year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death."

"America, the richest and most powerful nation in the world, can well lead the way in this revolution of values. There is nothing except a tragic death wish to prevent us from reordering our priorities over the pursuit of war."

"This call for a worldwide fellowship that lifts neighborly concern beyond one's tribe, race, class, and nation is in reality a call for an all-embracing and unconditional love for all mankind. We can no longer afford to worship the God of hate or bow before the altar of retaliation. The oceans of history are made turbulent by the ever-rising tides of hate. History is cluttered with the wreckage of nations and individuals that pursed this self-defeating path of hate."

"We still have a choice today: nonviolent coexistence or violent coannihilation. We must move past indecision to action. If we do not act, we shall surely be dragged down the long, dark, and shameful corridors of time reserved for those who posses power without compassion, might without morality, and strength without sight."

"Now let us begin. Now let us rededicate ourselves in the long and bitter, but beautiful struggle for a new world. If we will but make the right choice, we will be able to speed up the day, all over America and all over the world, when justice will roll down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream." "May our country, on the brink of war, take to heart the final refrain of "America, the Beautiful": "America! America! God mend thine ev'ry flaw, Confirm thy soul in self-control, Thy liberty in law."

I want to say one other challenge that we face is simply that we must find an alternative to war and bloodshed. Anyone who feels, and there are still a lot of people who feel that way, that war can solve the social problems facing mankind is sleeping through a great revolution. President Kennedy said on one occasion, "Mankind must put an end to war or war will put an end to mankind." The world must hear this. I pray to God that America will hear this before it is too late, because today we’re fighting a war.



I am convinced that it is one of the most unjust wars that has ever been fought in the history of the world. Our involvement in the war in Vietnam has torn up the Geneva Accord. It has strengthened the military-industrial complex; it has strengthened the forces of reaction in our nation. It has put us against the self-determination of a vast majority of the Vietnamese people, and put us in the position of protecting a corrupt regime that is stacked against the poor.

It has played havoc with our domestic destinies. This day we are spending five hundred thousand dollars to kill every Vietcong soldier. Every time we kill one we spend about five hundred thousand dollars while we spend only fifty-three dollars a year for every person characterized as poverty-stricken in the so-called poverty program, which is not even a good skirmish against poverty.

Not only that, it has put us in a position of appearing to the world as an arrogant nation. And here we are ten thousand miles away from home fighting for the so-called freedom of the Vietnamese people when we have not even put our own house in order. And we force young black men and young white men to fight and kill in brutal solidarity. Yet when they come back home that can’t hardly live on the same block together.

The judgment of God is upon us today. And we could go right down the line and see that something must be done—and something must be done quickly. We have alienated ourselves from other nations so we end up morally and politically isolated in the world. There is not a single major ally of the United States of America that would dare send a troop to Vietnam, and so the only friends that we have now are a few client-nations like Taiwan, Thailand, South Korea, and a few others.

This is where we are. "Mankind must put an end to war or war will put an end to mankind," and the best way to start is to put an end to war in Vietnam, because if it continues, we will inevitably come to the point of confronting China which could lead the whole world to nuclear annihilation.

It is no longer a choice, my friends, between violence and nonviolence. It is either nonviolence or nonexistence. And the alternative to disarmament, the alternative to a greater suspension of nuclear tests, the alternative to strengthening the United Nations and thereby disarming the whole world, may well be a civilization plunged into the abyss of annihilation, and our earthly habitat would be transformed into an inferno that even the mind of Dante could not imagine.

--Martin Luther King, Jr., Remaining Awake Through A Great Revolution

Jeremiah Wright: http://www.cfba.info/iq/index.html

[JohnnyLib2]

14. Grandpa here wants to point out that the reactions to MLK's

speeches and movement, especially among Southerners, is vividly on the record. And that for the most part, liberals aligned with him and see him as a hero.

I thought the OP made a very astute observation about precedents. Precedents with profound reactions.

[Catherina]

26. Thank you JohnnyLib2 "Beyond Vietnam" MLK Address April 4, 1967

I wasn't around at the time but I've read Martins complete works and know he wouldn't be ashamed of Jeremiah Wright. I also read the reactions to MLK's speeches among Southerners and even many Northerners.

There are still sites up about what a vile man MLK was and what a threat he was to the nation.

I knew that I could never again raise my voice against the violence of the oppressed in the ghettos without having first spoken clearly to the greatest purveyor of violence in the world today: my own government. For the sake of those boys, for the sake of this government, for the sake of the hundreds of thousands trembling under our violence, I cannot be silent.

...

Now it should be incandescently clear that no one who has any concern for the integrity and life of America today can ignore the present war.

...

So they go, primarily women and children and the aged. They watch as we poison their water, as we kill a million acres of their crops. They must weep as the bulldozers roar through their areas preparing to destroy the precious trees. They wander into the hospitals with at least twenty casualties from American firepower for one Vietcong-inflicted injury. So far we may have killed a million of them, mostly children. They wander into the towns and see thousands of the children, homeless, without clothes, running in packs on the streets like animals. They see the children degraded by our soldiers as they beg for food. They see the children selling their sisters to our soldiers, soliciting for their mothers.

What do the peasants think as we ally ourselves with the landlords and as we refuse to put any action into our many words concerning land reform? What do they think as we test out our latest weapons on them, just as the Germans tested out new medicine and new tortures in the concentration camps of Europe? Where are the roots of the independent Vietnam we claim to be building? Is it among these voiceless ones?

...

We are adding cynicism to the process of death, for they must know after a short period there that none of the things we claim to be fighting for are really involved. Before long they must know that their government has sent them into a struggle among Vietnamese, and the more sophisticated surely realize that we are on the side of the wealthy, and the secure, while we create a hell for the poor.

...

The war in Vietnam is but a symptom of a far deeper malady within the American spirit, and if we ignore this sobering reality, (applause) and if we ignore this sobering reality, we will find ourselves organizing "clergy and laymen concerned" committees for the next generation. They will be concerned about Guatemala and Peru. They will be concerned about Thailand and Cambodia. They will be concerned about Mozambique and South Africa. We will be marching for these and a dozen other names and attending rallies without end unless there is a significant and profound change in American life and policy.

...

In 1957 a sensitive American official overseas said that it seemed to him that our nation was on the wrong side of a world revolution. During the past ten years we have seen emerge a pattern of suppression which has now justified the presence of U.S. military advisors in Venezuela. This need to maintain social stability for our investments accounts for the counterrevolutionary action of American forces in Guatemala. It tells why American helicopters are being used against guerrillas in Cambodia and why American napalm and Green Beret forces have already been active against rebels in Peru.

...

It is with such activity in mind that the words of the late John F. Kennedy come back to haunt us. Five years ago he said, "Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable." (applause) Increasingly, by choice or by accident, this is the role our nation has taken, the role of those who make peaceful revolution impossible by refusing to give up the privileges and the pleasures that come from the immense profits of overseas investments. I am convinced that if we are to get on the right side of the world revolution, we as a nation must undergo a radical revolution of values. We must rapidly begin (applause), we must rapidly begin the shift from a thing-oriented society to a person-oriented society. When machines and computers, profit motives and property rights, are considered more important than people, the giant triplets of racism, extreme materialism, and militarism are incapable of being conquered.

A true revolution of values will soon cause us to question the fairness and justice of many of our past and present policies. On the one hand we are called to play the Good Samaritan on life's roadside, but that will be only an initial act. One day we must come to see that the whole Jericho Road must be transformed so that men and women will not be constantly beaten and robbed as they make their journey on life's highway. True compassion is more than flinging a coin to a beggar. It comes to see that an edifice which produces beggars needs restructuring. (applause)

A true revolution of values will soon look uneasily on the glaring contrast of poverty and wealth. With righteous indignation, it will look across the seas and see individual capitalists of the West investing huge sums of money in Asia, Africa, and South America, only to take the profits out with no concern for the social betterment of the countries, and say, "This is not just." It will look at our alliance with the landed gentry of South America and say, "This is not just." The Western arrogance of feeling that it has everything to teach others and nothing to learn from them is not just.

A true revolution of values will lay hand on the world order and say of war, "This way of settling differences is not just." This business of burning human beings with napalm, of filling our nation's homes with orphans and widows, of injecting poisonous drugs of hate into the veins of peoples normally humane, of sending men home from dark and bloody battlefields physically handicapped and psychologically deranged, cannot be reconciled with wisdom, justice, and love. A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death. (sustained applause)

...

These are revolutionary times. All over the globe men are revolting against old systems of exploitation and oppression, and out of the wounds of a frail world, new systems of justice and equality are being born. The shirtless and barefoot people of the land are rising up as never before. The people who sat in darkness have seen a great light. We in the West must support these revolutions.

It is a sad fact that because of comfort, complacency, a morbid fear of communism, and our proneness to adjust to injustice, the Western nations that initiated so much of the revolutionary spirit of the modern world have now become the arch antirevolutionaries. This has driven many to feel that only Marxism has a revolutionary spirit. Therefore, communism is a judgment against our failure to make democracy real and follow through on the revolutions that we initiated. Our only hope today lies in our ability to recapture the revolutionary spirit and go out into a sometimes hostile world declaring eternal hostility to poverty, racism, and militarism. With this powerful commitment we shall boldly challenge the status quo and unjust mores, and thereby speed the day when "every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and hill shall be made low (Audience: Yes); the crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain."

...

We can no longer afford to worship the god of hate or bow before the altar of retaliation. The oceans of history are made turbulent by the ever-rising tides of hate. History is cluttered with the wreckage of nations and individuals that pursued this self-defeating path of hate.

...

We are now faced with the fact, my friends, that tomorrow is today. We are confronted with the fierce urgency of now. In this unfolding conundrum of life and history, there is such a thing as being too late. Procrastination is still the thief of time. Life often leaves us standing bare, naked, and dejected with a lost opportunity. The tide in the affairs of men does not remain at flood -- it ebbs. We may cry out desperately for time to pause in her passage, but time is adamant to every plea and rushes on. Over the bleached bones and jumbled residues of numerous civilizations are written the pathetic words, "Too late."

http://www.uslaboragainstwar.org/article.php?id=3413

[LulaMay]

21. He claimed Hillary hasn't been called names, that she/women don't know that humiliation.

[Armstead]

23. That was stupid for him to say

I'm not citing Wright as a paragon.

My point was that angry rhetoric as he uses regarding the American political system and our behavior does have its precedence in someone as respected as MLK, and using him to smear Obama is not what the campaign ought to be about.

[Catherina]

30. He said Hillary's never been called a 'nigger'.

He said Hillary's never been called a 'nigger'. I have a sneaking suspicion you won't find a link for that.

“Barack knows what it means living in a country and a culture that is controlled by rich white people,” Wright said. “Hillary would never know that. “Hillary ain’t never been called a nigger. Hillary has never had a people defined as a non-person.”

You forget what happened to the great Black sufragette Ida B. Wells when she tried to march in the DC Suffrage Parade and racist suffragettes angrily ordered the black contingent to the back of the parade. Ida was a 'nigger' who suffered a lot of humiliation. You can't seriously equate Hillary with 'niggerism' unless you can produce pictured of Hillary being attacked by dogs, having a water hose turned on her, or cutting her dead children down from trees.

[boston bean]

32. Was MLK divisive like Wright, I think not and the comparison you are trying to make

is disgusting.

MLK would be turning in his grave.

[ellacott]

34. As someone said, MLK is been sanitized through history

Yes he was divisive. Read Letters From a Birmingham Jail. He didn't have the wide support from many White clergy. He was called a trouble maker and divisive. He didn't even have the support of all black activists. They felt he shouldn't embrace non-violence.

[Armstead]

35. Yes MLK was divisive.......

Do you think he simply made a few noble speeches and asked for equal rights for his people and the whites said: "Sure, here ya go."

[JohnnyLib2]

36. Aye. And it's time for the overused quotation:

Those who ignore history are doomed to repeat it.

--- George Santayana


Thanks for your posts.