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THE 43RD PRESIDENT: THE TRANSITION; NEW PICKS FIRM UP CONSERVATIVE CAST OF BUSH'S CABINET
BYLINE: By DAVID E. SANGER
SECTION: Section A; Page 1; Column 6; National Desk
LENGTH: 1449 words
DATELINE: WASHINGTON, Dec. 29
The New York Times
December 30, 2000, Saturday, Late Edition - Final
THE 43RD PRESIDENT; Interior Choice Sends a Signal On Land Policy
BYLINE: By DOUGLAS JEHL
SECTION: Section A; Page 1; Column 5; National Desk
LENGTH: 1447 words
DATELINE: WASHINGTON, Dec. 29
As a young lawyer in President Ronald Reagan's Interior Department, Gale Norton was part of an unsuccessful effort to persuade Congressional Democrats to open Alaska's National Wildlife Refuge to oil exploration. Now Ms. Norton is poised to plunge back into that bitter fight, this time as interior secretary under another Republican president who has accused Democrats of doing too much to lock up natural resources in the name of conservation.
With President-elect George W. Bush vowing to allow oil companies access to the wildlife refuge, and most Democrats aligned strongly against the plan, the battle over new oil drilling in Alaska is shaping up as a defining controversy for the early months of the Bush administration. And in naming Ms. Norton, 46, as his steward of the nation's public lands, Mr. Bush has sent a strong signal that what he has in mind -- and not only in Alaska -- would indeed mark a sharp shift in course. Except for the choice of John Ashcroft as attorney general, no Bush cabinet selection so far may create more opposition than this one. It was unclear how actively environmental groups might fight to block Ms. Norton's nomination, but the Sierra Club, in particular, commands a broad membership and has shown a willingness to spend large amounts of money in such political battles. A former protege of James Watt, Mr. Reagan's first interior secretary, Ms. Norton has long been an outspoken advocate of granting states, localities and even private corporations a greater voice in environmental decisions that under Democratic leadership have been mostly the preserve of the federal government. "She believes very much that less regulation is better, and that the best control is at the lowest level of government possible," said Matti Allbright, who served as Colorado's deputy attorney general under Ms. Norton. "I don't think she's going to push around those who are trying to come up with their own solutions."
The New York Times
December 26, 2000, Tuesday, Late Edition - Final
Bumps Ahead for Bush's Justice Dept. Pick
BYLINE: By ERIC SCHMITT
SECTION: Section A; Page 26; Column 4; National Desk
LENGTH: 972 words
DATELINE: WASHINGTON, Dec. 25
Democratic senators and liberal interest groups warned today that Senator John Ashcroft, President-elect George W. Bush's choice for attorney general, faces a fierce nomination fight over his positions on issues like civil rights and abortion rights. No senator has yet publicly opposed Mr. Ashcroft's selection to be the nation's chief legal officer, and liberal groups concede that they face an uphill battle in persuading the Senate to reject one of its soon-to-be-former members from joining Mr. Bush's cabinet.
Nonetheless, many of the same members of the liberal coalition that defeated the Supreme Court nomination of Robert H. Bork in 1987 are scrambling to mount an aggressive campaign against Mr. Ashcroft. At stake, opponents argue, are everyday considerations from privacy rights and constitutional freedoms, to whether Mr. Ashcroft's anti-abortion position will interfere with his ability to enforce federal laws protecting abortion rights. Beyond the immediate issue of Mr. Ashcroft's ability to serve as attorney general, some Democrats said, a fight at his confirmation hearings will help mobilize for future battles core party supporters still energized by the Florida recount battles. The focus, though, will be Mr. Ashcroft's performance as attorney general and governor of Missouri and as United States senator since 1995. "We're going to take a very careful look at his record, and if it's as bad as I fear it is, we'll strongly oppose him," said Judith L. Lichtman, president of the National Partnership for Women and Families, a liberal advocacy group. Senator Patrick J. Leahy of Vermont, the senior Democrat on the Judiciary Committee, which oversees confirmation of the attorney general, said on Sunday that Mr. Ashcroft's nomination was not at all assured in a Senate that will be split 50-50. "I intend that it will be a fair hearing," Mr. Leahy said on ABC's "This Week." He added: "That does not mean it will be a pushover hearing. There will be tough questions."
The New York Times
December 23, 2000, Saturday, Late Edition - Final
Mr. Bush's Rightward Lurch
SECTION: Section A; Page 18; Column 1; Editorial Desk
LENGTH: 788 words
The right-wingers who were beginning to feel like wallflowers at George W. Bush's cabinet dance can stop complaining. Mr. Bush, who made his earlier selections from his party's ideological center, threw a big bouquet to the ultraconservatives yesterday when he chose John Ashcroft, the recently deposed Republican senator from Missouri, for the post of attorney general. The nomination later in the day of Christie Whitman, the moderate Republican governor of New Jersey, to run the Environmental Protection Agency tilted the overall composition of Mr. Bush's early choices back toward the center. But that could not mute the widespread dismay over Mr. Bush's troubling choice of Mr. Ashcroft.
Mr. Bush is clearly hoping that Mr. Ashcroft's old colleagues will extend him the usual senatorial courtesies and confirm him with little dissent. But Mr. Ashcroft's hard-line ideology and extreme views and actions on issues like abortion and civil rights require a searching examination at his confirmation hearing. He should not be given an automatic pass. The Senate is duty-bound to determine whether he will be able to surmount his cramped social agenda to act as the guardian of the nation's constitutional values.
The attorney general has great discretion in deciding how much energy to devote to protecting civil rights, broadening civil liberties, keeping society free of crime, enforcing the antitrust laws and making sure that the president and his cabinet members are held to the same high standards -- an area in which the job's present occupant, Janet Reno, has been deficient. More than any other cabinet officer, the attorney general sets the moral tone of an administration. The position should clearly be filled with someone with a reputation for balance, fairness and independence.
Mr. Ashcroft is by all accounts honest and hard-working. Yet he is also, judging by the public record, a man of cramped vision, unyielding attitudes and limited tolerance for those who disagree with him. His actions on racial matters alone are enough to give one pause. As Missouri's attorney general, he opposed even a voluntary school desegregation plan in metropolitan St. Louis. He also conducted a mean-spirited and dishonest campaign against Ronnie White, Missouri's first black State Supreme Court justice, when Justice White was nominated for a federal judgeship.
Mr. Ashcroft claimed, erroneously, that Justice White was soft on the death penalty. As an added insult, Mr. Ashcroft also accepted an honorary degree last year from Bob Jones University, a bastion of the Christian right with a history of racial discrimination.
Mr. Ashcroft has been one of the Senate's most adamant opponents of a woman's right to choose an abortion. During his political career in Missouri, he sought to criminalize abortion, and he has consistently supported an extreme constitutional amendment that would ban abortion even in the case of rape or incest. Mr. Ashcroft has a poor record on church-state issues and on gay rights, and a dismal record on the environment. There is thus reason to wonder how vigorously he will help Mrs. Whitman enforce environmental laws. With Mrs. Whitman, Mr. Bush has offered a far more appealing nominee for high office. His pledge to elevate the E.P.A. post to cabinet level is also commendable. The E.P.A. is no less important than the Interior Department in providing responsible stewardship of the nation's natural resources. On the plus side, Mrs. Whitman seems genuine in caring about the environment, and as a Northeasterner, she is intimately familiar with the problems of polluted air and water. She joined with Gov. George Pataki of New York in lawsuits aimed at curbing the pollution that drifts eastward from Midwestern power plants, and she has worked to protect the New Jersey coastline by investing in sewage treatment and storm drainage projects. Although land conservation is mainly Interior's responsibility, Mrs. Whitman demonstrated a real appreciation for the importance of saving natural resources for future generations when she sponsored a $1 billion open space program, the largest in New Jersey's history.
On the minus side, she slashed the budget for environmental law enforcement and stopped levying meaningful fines against big polluters. That pro-business mind-set will be disastrous if continued in her new job, as will her oft-repeated but naive faith in "voluntary" compliance with environmental laws. As Mrs. Whitman will discover, there will be times when negotiating skills simply don't suffice. She must be willing to enforce the law in the face of relentless pressure, not only from the big interest groups but from her superiors in the White House.
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