The trade between the natives and the Portuguese settlers originally took the form of what was called "The Silent Trade", by which items from one side were bartered or exchanged for equivalent items from the other side, by tacit agreement or consent, because of language problem.
The European merchandise exchanged for gold, ivory, pepper,gum, mahogany and other local items included clothing, silk, calico, blanket, sugar, spices, rum, cutlass, ax, pots, kettles and others.
Gold was perhaps the most precious metal sought after in those days, for it was the means of transaction in the European market as well as those of India and the Far East. Gold was then scarce in all Europe, hence it was highly valued and priced too.
So when it became known that there was a fertile and populous land beyond the seas, rich in gold and ivory called by the Moors, "The Land of the Blacks", King Henry the Navigator of Portugal made frantic efforts and got his men to reach and explore this fabulous land much fancied at that time. King Henry's dreams were realized when Portuguese traders discovered this fancied land of gold. Thus, began the lucrative trade in gold which later attracted various other European nations to the country, who subsequently built castles and forts not only to have a share in the gold deal, but actually firm footholds in the nourishing trade.
The slave trade was a later addition to the commercial trade in gold, ivory and other local commodities in exchange for European merchandise. It formed part of the Triangular Trade between Europe, Africa and America.
The Slave Trade is said to have began in the country round about 1480 when Europeans at Elmina sold slaves to African traders who wanted porters. Those slaves who were bartered for gold, were said to have been brought from other African Territories. Thus, it is clear that the Gold Coast then appeared to all the European powers as the most favorable country from which they could carry out their trade more profitably than in any other African territory.
In the Sixteenth Century there was a flourishing trade in sugar, tobacco and rum in America and the West Indies. The English and Dutch colonies were facing labor problems and wanted more slaves to work on the sugar plantations, mines and the pearl fisheries. The prospects for the supply of slaves to those countries became bright when impetus was given to the trade. For example, in America millions of dollars were in store for any European nation which could supply sufficient number of slaves to that country to meet increasing demands. The Royal African Company established in 1672 for example undertook to supply 3,000 slaves annually to the West Indies.
Hence the Portuguese who started the slave trade were followed in quick succession by the Dutch, English, French, Swedish, Danish and the Brandenburgers, who came to the Gold Coast and built castles and forts and competed seriously in the trade. They acquired lands for that purpose from the local chiefs to whom they paid monthly ground-rents and "protection money," meant to induce those chiefs and their people to be well-disposed towards them for security reasons. The struggles for footholds in the trade occasioned increasing hostilities among the Europeans.
To ensure regular supplies of slaves from the Gold Coast, the European powers adopted the method of instigating conflicts and wars among the various tribes. In the ensuing confusion, able-bodied men, women and even children were captured chained or yoked together by the captors and marched to the slave market on the coast, to be sold to slave dealers. Such tribal wars which have persisted to the present day, and became the bane of Africa, thus originated from the Slave Trade. In this regard, the tribal conflicts and internecine strife ravaging Africa today are seen as the manifestations and extensions of the Slave Trade believed to be subtly ignited by the imperialist powers in the shadows, and fanned into flames by their local agents or proxies, as before, just to further what a critic describes as their "traditional historic greed." It should be noted that in recent times such conflicts are mostly in areas of rich economic resources, especially minerals, for example Angola, Mozambique etc. where civil wars have raged for nearly two decades.
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