Confirmation bias: Confirmation bias refers to a type of selective thinking whereby one tends to notice and to look for what confirms one's beliefs, and to ignore, not look for, or undervalue the relevance of what contradicts one's beliefs. Not a wise move in this forum.
For instance, as Muriel already pointed out in his post #65, your claim of government hostility towards christianity is based on selective thinking.
Actually, since his explanation was so concise and reasoned, and since you never answered HIS question, I'll repost (emphasis mine):
It's not government hostility, it's separation of church and state
Both examples are of officially imposed religious observations - prayers at an official occasion, which, however much you think they could include all faiths, are an imposition on atheists; and allowing a school to impose a minute of silence - which has a religious purpose, and so shouldn't be imposed. Pupils are still, of course, free to pray; they just don't get to force other people to shut up while they do it.
The case of a nativity scene against a menorah, and star and crescent, is debatable. The menorah is specific to Jewish culture, and has a religious history, but is also held to have a significance for the culture as well. The star and crescent are a symbol of the Ottoman Empire (taken from the non-Islamic Byzantine Empire after Constantinople was conquered), which many Muslim nations have used afterwards - which puts that symbol in the same category as a Christmas tree (at that time of year), which I see was allowed in the same display as the star and crescent. A nativity scene, rather than being a general symbol of a faith, however, is a specific claim of a religion (Jesus's birth in a manager, and an event that many Christians don't believe took place anyway).
Personally, I'd rather the schools didn't produce any of these religious symbols; but I can see there is a case for the way the judge ruled; I can also see a case for allowing the creche as a specific Christian symbol that actually appears in the Bible, as opposed to one just adopted in certain Christian countries.
Six months is over the top for someone breaking the rules - they should just be told to sit down and shut up. But that ruling specifically said that other deities mustn't be mentioned either. So it's not discrimination against Christianity - again, it's stopping a religious act at an official ceremony.
Having found the story on the rosaries, I see that some other known gang members had been wearing rosaries, and that the pupils who weren't gang members appealed and won. Do you know what the rulings were in the other cases you give?
Yes, I think it is OK for Muslims to use unallocated rooms for prayer, and Christians should be allowed to do the same.
Now, have you found examples of Muslims being allowed to pray, while Christians aren't? That was your original claim.
You also ignored InaneAnanity's post attempting to inform you that any information gleamed from reich wing websites is usually unacceptable since they aren't considered reliable sources. (#73)
Seems like Muriel did his homework,
look what I found: Both sides agree that, as interpreted and implemented
by the DOE, the Holiday Displays memorandum does not permit the
public display of the crèche by school officials alone or as part
of a school-authorized holiday or seasonal display in the public
schools within the DOE. The holidays to which the DOE memorandum applies
include Ramadan, Chanukah, Kwanzaa, and Christmas, which coincide
nore or less with the winter solstice and with a winter vacation during
which the public schools are closed.
The parties jointly stipulate that the holiday display
in the lobby of P.S. 165 in 2001 included a menorah, Christmas
tree, star and crescent, and other holiday symbols.
The pictures of the display in P.S. 184 in 2002,
provided in the joint stipulation of facts, show the front
entrance holiday display including a festively decorated
Christmas tree and a table adjacent to the tree with several
dreidels and three paper menorahs, one with a sign stating
“Happy Hanukah.”
In addition, five dreidels and two kinaras apparently drawn by
students are displayed on the walls next to the Christmas tree
Pictures of the back entrance to P.S. 184 depict student artwork
affixed to the walls, including two snowflakes, six Christmas
wreaths with student written work, four dreidels,
and one menorah.
Pictures of Christos’ classroom in P.S. 184 in December 2002 show a
calendar representing the month of December with snowmen,
Christmas trees, dreidels, and Santa in his sleigh
pulled by reindeers. Hanging by clothespins from a line strung
across the classroom are student-created, three-dimensional paper
Christmas wreaths and dreidels and at least one drawing of a kinara.
Affixed to tables and chairs in the classroom are student-created
stockings, with a name on each, presumably the students' names.
There is also a paper wreath made of alternating snowmen and Christmas
trees topped with the Star of Bethlehem affixed to a wall, as
well as a display of snowmen under “A Winter Wonderland” sign.
Oh the HORROR! Those POOR persecuted little christian darlings must have suffered TERRIBLY.:eyes:
And, as hard as it is to believe, the blatant bigotry gets even worse:
The joint stipulation of facts also includes pictures
of the holiday images present in the hallways, classrooms, and
the administrative office of P.S. 169 in December 2002. Thirteen
photographs of the holiday symbols displayed around P.S. 169 are
included, displaying the festive nature of the holiday display,
not to mention the creative flare of the students, teachers, and
administrators. Included among the imagery are reindeers made
from small brown bags beneath a “Songs, Symbol, Signs of the
Season” sign; three-dimensional paper dreidels; Christmas trees
topped with the Star of Bethlehem, candles, snowmen, stars, paper
and stuffed teddy bears surrounding a card describing a book
entitled “The Chanukah Guest”; paper menorahs, paper Christmas
trees, decorated paper Christmas wreaths and bells, drawings of
Kwanzaa kinaras, gingerbread men cutouts surrounding a book
entitled “The Gingerbread Baby,” and a Christmas tree made of
cutout hand tracings colored green and covered with Christmas
decorations; a table-top artificial Christmas tree next to an
electric menorah; images of Santa Claus; candy canes, more paperbag
reindeer with cards inscribed with the verses to “Rudolph the
Red-Nosed Reindeer”; a snowman atop a mound of packages wrapped
as Christmas presents; cotton-ball snowmen; a sign reading “Happy
Holidays” and another reading “Let it Snow.”
In addition, a bulletin board in Nicholas’ classroom displayed
cards describing Kwanzaa, Christmas, Ramadan, and Chanukah.
Ramadan is described in one card as follows:
Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, is a
holy month for Muslims, believers in the religion
Islam. During Ramadan, Muslims fast (take no food or
drink) from dawn to sunset. It is a very spiritual
time for Muslims. They arise early for a pre-dawn
meal. At the end of the day, the fast is broken by
taking the lftar meal, often with friends or family
invited into one another’s homes. When the new moon
appears and the month of Ramadan is over, Muslims
celebrate a joyous holiday called Eid-ul-Fitr (Festival
of Fast-Breaking). They dress in their best clothing
for prayers at the mosque and celebrate with family and
friends.
The Chanukah card states:
Hanukkah is celebrated by Jews in remembrance of a
great victory, which won them the right to practice
their religion. Also called the Festival of Lights,
Hanukkah lasts for eight days because the oil in the
Hanukkah story lasted that long. Candles are lit each
evening during the eight days of Hanukkah. The candle
holder is called a menorah. It holds eight candles and
one servant candle, which is used to light the
others–one more candle each night of Hanukkah. Some
children receive gifts on each of the eight nights of
Hanukkah. They play dreidel games and enjoy special
Hanukkah foods.
The card describing Kwanzaa states:
Kwanzaa is the holiday when African Americans celebrate
their cultural heritage. It was created in 1966 by Dr.
Maulana Karenga, an African who wanted his people to
have a special time to celebrate and learn about their
cultural origins. Kwanzaa is celebrated from December
26 through January 1. Families and friends gather to
remember their ancestors and to enjoy African music,
dancing, poetry, and foods. The holiday has seven
days, seven symbols, and seven principles. The
principles correspond to the seven days of the
celebration and serve as guides for daily living.
The Christmas card states:
Christmas, December 25, is the Christian holiday that
celebrates the birth of Jesus Christ. This holy time
is marked by Nativity scenes, caroling, and church
services where Christians hear again the story of the
birth of the baby Jesus. Christmas includes many
festive customs such as decorating homes and evergreen
trees with colored lights, bright ribbons, and shining
ornaments. People hang stockings by the fireplace,
send Christmas cards to friends near and far, and wrap
carefully chosen gifts for their loved ones. The jolly
figure of Santa Claus is the bringer of gifts in this
happy season.
Those EVIL teachers! How COULD they display such hatred and intolerance toward those little angelic christian cherubs?:cry:
And as Muriel already pointed out:
As interpreted, the policy prohibits not just the
crèche, but anything considered purely religious, including
excerpts from religious text such as the Torah or the Qur’an,
scenes of worship, objects of worship, illustrations of deities
or religious figures like Muhammad, and illustrations of
religious events.
Judge Sifton (I'm really starting to like this guy-thanks for making me look this up) goes on to say:
Accordingly, the message presented by the display of a
menorah and a star and crescent in the context of the greater
holiday displays in the public schools must be reviewed as
perceived by the children, Christian children in particular, but
not one hyper-sensitive Catholic child.
Upon reviewing the dizzying array of holiday symbols depicted in
P.S. 165, 169, and 184, it is impossible to conclude that Christian
students attending one of these schools may interpret the inclusion
of menorahs and a star and crescent in the temporary displays as an
endorsement of Judaism or Islam over Christianity or feel coerced
into practicing a particular religion.
The context of these holiday displays neutralizes the religious
dimensions of the menorah and the star and crescent such that even a
child participating in the creation of the display would not perceive
it to be an endorsement of Judaism or Islam. Nor would any child
looking at them objectively view these holiday displays,
including, as they do, numerous Christmas symbols, and perceive a
message of disapproval of Christianity.
Ultimately, the effect of the holiday displays at P.S. 165, P.S. 169,
and P.S. 184, is to allow students to share the knowledge of various
religious and non-religious holidays occurring during the winter without
feeling threatened by them. As in Elewski, a reasonable Christian child
observing the display would not perceive religious endorsement or coercion
but “a celebration of the diversity of the holiday season, including
traditional religious and secular symbols of that season.”
The photographs of the displays in P.S. 184 and P.S. 169 in
December 2002 reinforce the conclusion that the interpretation
and implementation of the DOE holiday display policy is a model
of neutralism and plurality.
(his reading on Ms. "HOW DARE YOU SUBJECT MY KIDS TO OTHER RELIGIONS?" Skoros is deadly accurate!)
Plaintiffs’ free exercise claims are based on their
allegations that, by virtue of exposure to their schools’ holiday
displays and discussions regarding the origins of Chanukah or
Ramadan during the creation of such displays, the children were
subjected to coercion to accept the Jewish and Islamic faiths and
to renounce Christianity. It is clearly established from both
the content of the Holiday Displays memorandum and the multiple
declarations of school teachers and administrators submitted by
the City that the defendants do not intend to restrict the
religious activities of any of the children in the schools,
including the Tine children. However, if neutral actions have a
restrictive effect, a court must inquire as to whether or not the
“government has placed a substantial burden on the observation of
a central religious belief or practice.” Altman, 245 F.3d at 79
(citation omitted). The evidence does not indicate that the DOE
holiday display policy on its face or as applied in the temporary
holiday displays in P.S. 165, 169, or 184 has the effect of
operating against or burdening the Tine children’s observation of
their religious practices or beliefs. As noted earlier, the
holiday displays evidenced in this action conveyed an inclusive
message, did not advance or promote any particular religion, and
did not coerce plaintiffs to reject Christianity. Thus,
plaintiffs’ passive exposure to and even their participation in
the creation of the displays, including symbols from several
different religious and cultural holidays, do not interfere with
their ability to practice their own faith. Similarly, lessons
given during the course of the holiday season about the meanings
of the symbols or the origins of the holidays they represent,
when presented in the secular manner evidenced here, do not
interfere with the Tine children’s ability to practice their own
faith. Accordingly, the DOE holiday display policy on its face
and as applied in P.S. 165, 169, and 184 does not violate
plaintiffs’ free exercise rights.
He concludes with:
Plaintiff Skoros’ parental rights claim is closely
related to the her children’s free exercise claim. Plaintiff
Skoros alleges that, by virtue of the DOE's coercion of her
children to accept the Jewish and Islamic faiths and renounce
Christianity, the DOE infringed upon her right (1) “to control
the religious upbringing and training of her minor children”; (2)
“to raise her children according to the religion, system of
values, and moral norms she deems appropriate”; and (3) “to the
care, custody, education of and association with her children,”
in violation of the First and Fourteenth Amendments.
As previously noted, the evidence does not support a
finding that the Tine children were in any way coerced to have
them adopt Judaism or Islam or to renounce Christianity by their
participation in the creation of the temporary holiday displays.
In addition, the evidence does not support a finding that the
temporary holiday displays in the Tine children’s schools
interfered with plaintiff Skoros’ relationship with her children
or her ability to control their upbringing. Although plaintiff
Skoros repeatedly claims that Nicholas and Christos were
“directed” to make a menorah, the more credible explanation is
that offered by their teachers who state that the children were
provided coloring books containing an image of a menorah which
they chose to color. Certainly, such a situation does not amount
to an act “undeniably at odds with fundamental tenets of
religious beliefs.” Yoder, 406 U.S. at 218. Accordingly, the
DOE holiday display policy and the temporary displays in the Tine
children’s schools do not interfere in any way with plaintiff
Skoros’ raising her children.
CONCLUSION
For the aforementioned reasons, the clerk of court is
directed to enter judgment in favor of the defendants on all
counts and to furnish a filed copy of the within to all parties
and to the magistrate judge.
I can see why you ignored Muriel's post and decided to keep repeating the propaganda found on fundamentalist websites.
Oh, and it took me all of one Google search to discover the fact that the arguments you use when you described that particular case (
calling the Constitutional separation of church and state "bigotry and discrimination against Christians in public schools.", for instance) are also VERY popular at
Freeperville.
And just as biased.
I guess you all get your information from the same sources.
Maybe you should listen to Muriel next time.
You may just learn the difference between what you consider a "fact" and the real thing.