The lack of empathy is what makes, at the least, social dysfunction, and at its extreme, a sociopath.
We know some really simple, fundamental things about child development: children's brains are "wired" from birth on; they are making more neural connections, "pruning" unused connections, and "wiring" their brains for future experiences during the first 3 years of life than at any point after that. And here's an interesting clip:
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For every government dollar spent on preschool, society saves seven dollars. Today, the professional organization of prison wardens correlates the need for investing money in the first three years of life as a prevention with a later necessity to build prisons. They say that experiences from the prenatal period through the third year have direct results in the production of criminals and anti-societal people. (Karr-Morse and Wiley, 1997).
Childcare aimed at learning about others, about oneself, and learning how to control and use one's environment is invaluable. http://www.educarer.com/brain.htmI've been working for several years now in an educational "program" that balances academics with things like empathy, respect, open-mindedness, etc.; it gives equal weight to the development of these characteristics and the development of academic capabilities. I can tell you that it is a much bigger challenge than you might think.
Many kids have been "prewired" to work with these concepts; many have not. And whether you are working with conversation, ideas, academic skills, or interpersonal skills, the experiences they've had in the years before they start school have already wired them, or not, for success. That's the real "readiness" factor.
I wish we could pour some time and care and support into that conception - pre-school or school-age period.