(This post was inspired by a thread over at the Randi Rhodes Message Board.)HISTORICAL ROOTS OF THE ‘‘WAR ON TERROR’’The concept of a ‘‘war on terror’’
pre-dates 9-11 by 22 years. Its seeds were first planted in 1979 at the
Jerusalem Conference on International Terrorism (JCIT) organized by
Benjamin Netanyahu (future Israeli Prime Minister). JCIT kicked off a campaign for a
‘‘war on terror’’ against
‘‘international terrorism’’ (Netanyahu, 1981). It featured:
pre-emptive attacks on states that are alleged to support ‘‘terrorists;’’ an elaborate intelligence system apparatus;
slashed civil liberties, particularly for Palestinians targeted as potential terrorists, including detention without charge, and
torture; and propaganda to dehumanize ‘‘terrorists’’ in the eyes of the public (Ahle, 1990; Asa, 1979; Netanyahu, 1995, pp. 43–44; Peres, 1981, p. 10).
George H.W. Bush Sr. and by George Schultz, Reagan’s Secretary of State enthusiastically endorsed this concept. Bush Sr. gave a speech at JCIT advocating precisely the type of ‘‘war on terror’’ that his son implemented in 2001. But he acknowledged that such a policy would be highly unpopular:
"...I must urge drastic surgery as the only reasonable course – and by that I mean determined action, firmness under the duress of blackmail, and swift and effective retribution. ... The problem for the open society is how to have, build up and preserve this essential tool of defence – which in the long run is indispensable for the protection of ordinary people – and not so outrage the liberal conscience that the legitimate exercise of state power is frustrated." (George H.W. Bush, 1981, pp. 333, 337)
Israel’s ‘‘War on Terror’’Following the 1979 JCIT, Israel independently implemented these policies. It planned a massive invasion of Lebanon, called ‘‘Peace for Galilee’’ to secure its hold over the Occupied Territories. The pretext incident and the 1982 invasion itself
hauntingly foreshadowed the 9-11 ‘‘attacks’’ and the Bush ‘‘war on terror.’’ In both cases,
a ‘‘terrorist’’ pretext justified preemptive military conquest and long-term occupation. In July 1981, Israeli planes bombed Palestinian targets in southern Lebanon, killing hundreds of civilians. In 1982, it initiated over 2,600 violations of Lebanese airspace and waters, attempting unsuccessfully to spark a PLO reaction that could serve as a pretext for an Israeli invasion. On June 3, 1982, Abu Nidal’s terrorist group (which since has been exposed as a Mossad-infiltrated front, and which had been battling the PLO for years) tried to assassinate Israeli Ambassador Shlomo Argov in London.
Israel ‘‘retaliated’’ by heavily bombing Lebanon, even though the Abu Nidal group did not operate there. The PLO responded by shelling West Bank settlements, finally giving Israel its excuse to launch a full-scale invasion of Lebanon (Chomsky, 1999, pp. 196–197). In West Bank cities, Israel also dissolved the elected city councils, dismissed mayors, arrested city employees, and attempted to impose puppet governments. Israeli troops continued to occupy southern Lebanon for 22 years, until May 24, 2000 (Chomsky, 1999, pp.204–205; Bard, 2005).
- Diana Ralph,
Islamophobia and the "War on Terror", THE HIDDEN HISTORY OF 9-11-2001, Elsevier, 2006. pp. 273-274