THE RISE OF THE MODERN “TOUGH ON CRIME” MOVEMENT
“Doubling the conviction rate in this country would do more
to cure crime in America than quadrupling the funds for
(Hubert] Humphrey’s war on poverty.”
–Richard Nixon, 38th President of the United States of America
“(President Nixon] emphasized that you have to face the fact
that the whole problem is really the blacks. The key is to
devise a system that recognizes this while not appearing to.”
–H.R. Haldeman, Nixon’s Chief of Staff
The Origins of the Current Conservative Discourse on Law and Order
By Katherine Beckett, Ph.D. and Theodore Sasson, Ph.D.
Over the past several decades, the U.S. government has enthusiastically declared and waged wars
against crime and drugs. In this article, we focus squarely on this issue: Why have national-level
politicians so vigorously waged a war on crime and drugs that has created the largest prison
population in the world? We argue that in response to the social challenges of the 1960s, conser-
vative political leaders—and, increasingly, those at the national level—began to highlight the
problem of street crime in an attempt to steer state policy toward social control and away from
social welfare.
In what follows, we show that conservative politicians have worked for decades to alter popular
perceptions of crime, delinquency, addiction, and poverty, and to promote policies that involve
“getting tough” and “cracking down.” We also show that when advocating such policies, these
political elites were not simply responding to popular beliefs and sentiments about crime and
punishment, although they did help to shape the public’s perceptions of the crime problem and
preferences regarding what to do about it. Rather, their activities were part of a larger effort to
realign the electorate in ways that favor the GOP and, even more significantly, to reorient state
policy around social control rather than social welfare.
http://www.publiceye.org/defendingjustice/pdfs/chapters/toughcrime.pdf (pdf)
http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:3GncbHd7fREJ:www.publiceye.org/defendingjustice/pdfs/chapters/toughcrime.pdf+bush+adopts+%22tough+on+crime%22+rhetoric+terrorism&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=10 (html)