Consumption Advice
Joint Federal Advisory for Mercury in Fish
Backgrounder for the 2004 FDA/EPA Consumer Advisory:
What You Need to Know About Mercury in Fish and Shellfish
FDA and EPA are issuing a joint consumer advisory about mercury in fish and shellfish. The advice is for: women who might become pregnant; women who are pregnant; nursing mothers; and young children. This is significant because it is the first time FDA and EPA have combined their advice into a single uniform advisory. Previously FDA issued an advisory on consumption of commercially caught fish, while EPA issued advice on recreationally caught fish.
http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/fishadvice/factsheet.html=============================================================================
Even though the video is faulted, at say the least, this is not clear-cut issue. The pros and cons:
A Fact Sheet for Health Professionals - Elemental Mercury
The amount of mercury from a typical broken thermometer would be considered a small spill. If more mercury than this is spilled, it would be considered a large spill. Some people save mercury from various sources and store the product in containers. This is dangerous because mercury may escape from broken or improperly sealed containers. Individuals may often be exposed without their knowledge.
Sampling conducted by IDPH in homes where small mercury spills have taken place has not shown large amounts of mercury in the air. High levels would not be expected unless the spill took place on a hot surface or into a device like a humidifier that blows liquids into the air.
http://www.idph.state.il.us/envhealth/factsheets/mercuryhlthprof.htm===========================================
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH GUIDELINE FOR MERCURY VAPOR
Occupational Safety & Health Administration
EXPOSURE SOURCES AND CONTROL METHODS The following operations may involve mercury and lead to worker exposures to the vapor of this substance:
* The mining, production, and transportation of mercury
* The mining and refining operations for gold and silver ores
* Use in thermometers, manometers, barometers, gauges, and valves
* Use in
amalgams for dentistry, preservatives, heat transfer technology, pigments, catalysts, and in lubricating oils
Methods that are effective in controlling worker exposures to mercury vapor, depending on the feasibility of implementation, are as follows:
* Process enclosure
* Local exhaust ventilation
* General dilution ventilation
* Personal protective equipment
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/mercuryvapor/recognition.html==============================================================================
.... the interaction between mercury exposure and a genetic polymorphism in heme biosynthesis (coproporphyrinogen oxidase) yielded additive impairments on a test of visual-motor skills in dental workers (Echeverria, 2006). Such interactions between specific genetic systems and environmental exposures supply rich terrain for future exploratory studies.
....
Even the mercury vapors from
dental amalgam have been implicated as a possible, though controversial, source of exposure among dental workers and the general population. A study of 1663 veterans used a wide battery of noncognitive tests and found no clinically evident deficits associated with amalgam exposure. However, a subclinical decrement in vibration as measured by an automated device correlated with amalgam exposure and accounted for 15% of the variance in a multiple regression model (Kingman, 2005). Two recent randomized studies of a total of 1041 children aged 6-10 years whose dental caries were treated with either amalgam or resin composite fillings
showed no group differences on extensive batteries of neuropsychological tests after 5-7 years of follow up (Bellinger, 2006; DeRouen, 2006).
Finally,
recent concerns about the mercury content of childhood vaccines that used mercury derivatives for their antimicrobial and preservative qualities have led to the increased availability of mercury-free vaccines (Bigham, 2005).
….
The American Dental Association has reported that 34 of 38 lawsuits alleging amalgam-induced mercury toxicity have been dismissed since 2002.
http://www.emedicine.com/neuro/topic617.htm============================
The Case Against Amalgam.pdf
http://www.iaomt.org/articles/files/files193/The%20Case%20Against%20Amalgam.pdf=========================
Mercury Vapor In Workplace AtmospheresOccupational Safety & Health Administration
Occupations with potential exposure to mercury and its compounds are listed: 8.8
________________________________________
amalgam makers fur processors
bactericide makers gold extractors
barometer makers histology technicians
battery makers, mercury ink makers
boiler makers insecticide makers
bronzers investment casting workers
calibration instrument makers jewelers
cap loaders, percussion laboratory workers, chemical
carbon brush makers lampmakers, fluorescent
caustic soda makers manometer makers
ceramic workers mercury workers
chlorine makers miners, mercury
dental amalgam makers neon light makers
dentists paint makers
direct current meter workers paper makers
disinfectant makers percussion cap makers
disinfectors pesticide workers
drug makers photographers
dye makers pressure gage makers
electric apparatus makers refiners, mercury
electroplaters seed handlers
embalmers silver extractors
explosive makers switch makers, mercury
farmers tannery workers
fingerprint detectors taxidermists
fireworks makers textile printers
fungicide makers thermometer makers
fur preservers wood preservative workers
________________________________________
http://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/inorganic/id140/id140.html=================================================================================
Title : Mercury Vapor Levels in Dental Spaces,
Corporate Author : NAVAL GRADUATE DENTAL SCHOOL BETHESDA MD
Abstract : Mercury vapor in sufficient concentration can be toxic to humans. Studies showing vapor levels in dental operating rooms are conflicting in their results. The purpose of this investigation was to compare mercury vapor levels in the air of dental operating rooms at three separate naval facilities. Direct mercury vapor meter readings were taken in a newly remodeled 14-unit facility, an 18-unit student clinic, and a small, carpeted three-operatory clinic. Some conditions contributing to high mercury vapor levels were also evaluated. Highest mercury vapor concentrations for a working day were found in the small clinic, in which the mean value of 0.056 mg/cu m exceeded the revised threshold limit value (TLV). Activities such as carpet vacuuming, stamping of feet, and amalgam trituration momentarily increased mercury concentration to peaks up to 0.20 mg/cu m. A direct relationship was noted between the amount of mercury in the air and the amount of mercury in the urine of persons working in the room. (Author)
http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0757320====================================================================================
Atomic absorption determination of mercury vapors in the air of the work environmenthttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=461409&dopt=AbstractPlus==================================================
British Dental Journal
Mercury vapour release from a dental aspirator
C. A. Stonehouse1 and A. P. Newman2
1Postgraduate Student and GDP, Coventry University, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Coventry, UK ; 2Senior Lecturer, Coventry University, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Coventry, UK
At the dentist's breathing zone, mercury vapour concentrations of ten times the current occupational exposure limit of 25 μg/m3 were recorded after 20 minutes of continuous aspirator operation. A build up of amalgam contamination within the internal corrugated tubing of the aspirator was found to be the main source of mercury vapour emissions followed by particulate amalgam trapped within the vacuum motor. As the vacuum motor heated up with run time, mercury vapour emissions increased. It was found that the bacterial air exhaust filter (designed to clean the contaminated waste air entering the surgery) offered no protection to mercury vapour. In this case the filter trapped particulate amalgam which contributed to further mercury vapour contamination as high volume air was vented through it.
http://www.nature.com/bdj/journal/v190/n10/full/4801034a.html====================================================
Evaluation of the mercury exposure of dental amalgam patients by the Mercury Triple Test
G Hansen, R Victor, E Engeldinger and C Schweitzer
Laboratoire d’Hygiène du Milieu et de Surveillance Biologique, Laboratoire National de Santé, Luxembourg
Aims: To establish and analyse reference data for the mercury burden of patients with and without amalgam fillings.
Methods: Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to quantify Hg concentrations in the scalp hair and urine (before and after application of dimercaptopropane sulphonate), and Hg release from dental amalgams (using a newly developed, amalgam specific chew test), in 2223 subjects.
Results: 50th centiles were 1.3 µg Hg/g creatinine in basal urine, 32 µg Hg/g creatinine after DMPS application, 454 ng Hg/g in hair, and 27 µg Hg per g of chewing gum, which corresponds to about 1 µg Hg released per minute of chewing. Total Hg intake (from ambient air, drinking water, food, and amalgams) of most patients is well below the provisioned tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) defined by the WHO, unless extremely Hg rich food is consumed on a regular basis.
However, for patients exceeding the 75thcentile in chew tests, total Hg intake exceeds the PTWI by about 50%, even at the low limit of intake from food. In the absence of occupational exposure, significant Hg release from dental amalgams is a necessary but insufficient condition to obtain a high long term body burden. After removal of dental amalgams, chew tests no longer exhibit oral Hg exposure, while basal urine Hg content and DMPS induced excretion display a exponential decrease (half life about 2 months in both cases).
http://oem.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/61/6/535==========================================================================
Mercury in Dentistry - Still a Problem
The production of metallic mercury is limited to about ten thousand tonnes each year, worldwide. Estimates of the amount used in dentistry suggest that about 150 tonnes are used in dental restorations each year, the average dentist using 2 or 3 pounds (1 to 1.5 kg) annually. This seems insignificant compared with up to 150 kilotonnes released each year into the biosphere by degassing of the earth's crust and by burning fossil fuels.
However, in the confined space of a contaminated dental surgery, the comparatively low partial pressure of free mercury means that at room temperature, saturation of air with mercury vapour can theoretically give rise to levels of 20 mg per cubic metre. This is a massive 400 times the recommended time-limited value (TLV) of 0.05 mg per cubic metre proposed by the World Health Organisation for occupational exposure. The TLV is the theoretical amount to which an adult can be occupationally exposed during an 8 hour day without supposed adverse effects on health.
By contrast, the normal atmospheric level of mercury vapour has been measured as between 1 and 4 ng (0.000001 to 0.000004 mg) per cubic metre and is the result of natural processes combined with pollutant emission and, for example, the release of mercury from dental fillings by cremation. It is easy to see, therefore, that unchecked mercury contamination of the dental surgery can theoretically give rise to vapour levels well in excess of the accepted working safety limit. In surveys of mercury concentrations in the atmosphere of dental practices, it has been established that at least 10 percent of surgeries have vapour concentrations greater than 0.05 mg per cubic meter and the occupants are therefore at risk of mercury toxicity. But how sure are we of the TLV guidelines ?
http://www.mercurysafety.co.uk/mercdent.htm=================================================================
As the result of poor dental care/hygiene as a child, I have a mouth full of amalgam fillings which I do not intend to have yanked or drilled out. But I am intend to do my best to avoid any more!
It would also seem that dentists have as high a risk of mercury exposure as do we patients. Most dentists are careful, intelligent humans who have weighed their risks....we should hope.
As a person with debilitating health problems, many issues are of concern to me and this one is 'bothersome'.