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Rapehttp://www.dadalos.org/int/Menschenrechte/Grundkurs_MR3/frauenrechte/warum/vergewaltigung.htmRape exists in practically all today's societies, even in those states where no official data is available until now.
According to the UN reports, rape occurs frequently in the following countries: Afghanistan, Guyana, Cambodia, Colombia, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, on the Philippines, in the Slovak Republic Swaziland, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda and Zaire. In Germany, El Salvador, Micronesia, Ireland, Jordan, Kenya, Peru, the Seychelles, Sweden and Tajikistan, a more or less large increase in rape has been observed in recent times. Only in Mauritania, Laos, Georgia and Tunisia does rape appear to occur less.The actual number of instances of rape is far from being recorded in full, since the unreported number is extremely high. Frequently, the number of reports made to the police is taken as being correct.
A study carried out in Canada, New Zealand, Great Britain, the USA and South Korea concluded than 8 to 15% of women had been raped at a young adult age. If the number of attempted rapes are added to this, this provides a rate of 20-27%.Rape During War
War has been link to mass rape for hundreds of years. German soldiers raped Soviet women during the Second World War and Soviet soldiers, German women. Japanese soldiers forced Korean, Chinese and Taiwanese women into prostitution during colonialism and the Pacific war (who were referred to as "comfort women"). During the nine month Bengali-Pakistani war in 1971, Pakistani soldiers raped between 200,000 and 400,000 Bengali women according to estimates. Rape and sexual torture took place on a large scale, both in the Vietnam war and in the war in Yugoslavia. It can be assumed that in every region where a conflict is taking place at the moment, armed conflict goes hand in hand with sexual violence (East Timor, Kashmir, Haiti, Djibouti etc).
It is difficult to estimate the scale of rape during war, on the one hand because representative figures from current conflict regions are difficult to obtain, and on the other, because the women concerned mostly remain silent due to the trauma or the fear of social stigma or stigma within the family. If concrete figures are available, their representative character is to be doubted, since thy are mostly put together by the opposing political party and used for propaganda purposes.
The background: Today, it is taken as been proven that rape during war does not take place due to lack of sexual satisfaction. Rape also takes place if willing women or prostitutes are available. Rape during war mainly serves the social needs of the rapist, the self-certainty of manliness and power. Since soldiers continually have to surrender themselves to feelings of fear and powerlessness, rapes serves to help them regain their feelings of power and diminish fear. An archaic model of manliness is maintained in armies to match this purpose, which is linked to violence and dominance, whereas womanliness and "womanly" qualities such as fear and empathy are considered with scorn. The soldiers are meant to identify with this model of manliness; rape therefore provides proof of the "manliness" of the soldiers.
An explanation for rape during war cannot be given without the latent existing contempt for women in the respective societies, which is encouraged by rules that hinder feelings of this nature breaking out being put out of force during times of war. Mass rape also serves to demoralise the opponent, who is shown that he is not in the position to protect his family. This comprises an attack on his (male) identity. This is why it is consciously used as a strategy of war or indirectly promoted and tolerated.
The Consequences of Rape During WarThe consequences to mental health and the social consequences are similar to those of rape during peacetime. However, here, the trauma is just one part of the mental strain that a victim has to endure due to the consequences of war. The woman suffers grave consequences if a pregnancy results from the rape. Wives are abandoned by their husbands, some commit suicide or flee abroad never to return. This leads to the concept of rape as a method of demoralizing and destroying the opponent socially a success.
What is Being Against Mass Rape During War? Since 1949 rape during war counts as a crime against international law.
"Women are particularly protected against attacks on their honor and namely against rape, coercion to perform prostitution and unchaste activities" (4th Geneva Convention). This passage has changed nothing in the practice of rape during war.
The conviction of rapists (for the first time in front of the International Tribunal in den Haag) first made rape a war crime with all its consequences. It remains to be seen whether this approach will have a deterring effect of future warring parties.