the purpose of a vat is to shift costs to consumers & make small businesses more uncompetitive.
social security is regressive in its collection, progressive in its payout, & dedicated in its purpose.
there is no indication whatsoever that a US VAT would bring european-style social welfare with it. in fact, that's being scaled back both here & in europe.
the more money you earn, the less money, proportionally, you spend on consumption & the more you spend on "investment" of various kinds. vat taxes every cent the middle & the poor control while leaving vast swathes of capital at the top untouched.
1.6
"In general, financial services are exempt from VAT."
2.7 Foreign exchange transactions
Foreign exchange transactions are normally exempt supplies.
2.8 Clearing and settlement services
A service supplied by a clearing-house for settling indebtedness between members is an exempt supply.
.1 Securities for moneY
The issue of a security for money is exempt.
.1 Loans, granting of credit and advances
If in the course of your business for a consideration you supply credit, advance money in the form of loans, provide overdrafts or other advances
your supply is exempt. The charge you make for a loan, advance or credit facility is usually described as interest. The value of the exempt supply in the grant of credit or loan is the gross interest or other sum received, but not the repayment of capital loaned. Interest received on money deposited is consideration for an exempt supply.
The provision of instalment credit in these situations is exempt...
ETC.
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:X6FVQu-aQ1IJ:customs.hmrc.gov.uk/channelsPortalWebApp/channelsPortalWebApp.portal%3F_nfpb%3Dtrue%26_pageLabel%3DpageLibrary_ShowContent%26id%3DHMCE_CL_000111%26propertyType%3Ddocument+vat+exemptions+bonds&cd=4&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=usFINANCE, INCLUDING INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, IS A PRIVILEGED SECTOR UNDER VAT REGIMES. VAT HITS PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION, BUT NOT FINANCE, & ALLOWS THE FINANCE SECTOR TO CONTINUE MOVING CAPITAL AROUND THE WORLD AS IT PLEASES.
The Tax Policy Center estimates the VAT breakdown as follows:
“A VAT would raise taxes roughly equally across-the-board — with one exception. The tax is a boon to high-income taxpayers, who make much of their money from VAT-free savings and investments. On average, the 5 percent VAT would reduce after-tax income by about 2.7 percent. The lowest earners would face an income loss of 2.8 percent while middle- and upper-middle class taxpayers would lose about 2.9 percent. But the highest earning 1 percent would see their after-tax incomes fall by only 2.1 percent.”
Lack of transparency.
With a pure sales tax, the tax owed is printed right there on the receipt. But under a VAT, consumers would likely find it difficult to know how much they are being taxed, since value is added to the consumer transaction at several checkpoints. Since every level of production feels the pinch, it’s hard for consumers to know what exactly it is they are being taxed. In Europe, this lack of transparency has proven problematic, as various governments have rigged the system by hiding new taxes in the VAT for popular social programs, relying on the VAT’s complicated structure to hide the dirty deed.
http://www.bankingmyway.com/save/what-value-added-tax-means.various "investment" transactions are exempt; but only the rich "invest" much: most people spend most of their income. this also benefits the financial industry specially, helping to increase the domination of finance over the global economy.
http://www.thefreelibrary.com/UK+VAT+exemption+for+fund+management+services-a0189427348http://www.reedsmith.com/_db/_documents/pensions_alert_18_july_2007.pdfhttp://www.allbusiness.com/government/government-bodies-offices-law-courts-tribunals/7469783-1.html"investment" grade gold is exempted:
http://www.taxfreegold.co.uk/There are also exemptions for non-profits, the biggest benefit of which goes to foundations run by & for the super-rich, such as the Gates Foundation, which is actually bill gates, inc's untaxed investment & policy making arm.