http://www.americanartifacts.com/smma/life/life.htmEarly patents for detecting life in buried persons
The first such patent, granted to Christian Eisenbrandt, of Baltimore, in 1843, was for a spring loaded coffin lid. Unlike the later patents, this escape device would function only until the time of burial. “—-Whereas there have been instances of human beings having been buried alive, the inventor of this coffin has contrived an arrangement whereby anyone who may not really have departed this life may by the slightest motion of either the head or hand acting upon a system of springs and levers cause the instantaneous opening of the coffin lid.”
The next patent for a life signal, granted to Franz Vester, of Newark, N.J., in 1868, was designed to function after burial. “—-The nature of this invention consists in placing on the lid of the coffin, and directly over the face of the body laid therein, a square tube which extends from the coffin up through and over the surface of the grave, said tube containing a ladder and a cord, one end of the cord being placed in the hand of the person laid in the coffin and the other end of said cord being attached to a bell on the top of the square tube, so that, should a person be interred ere life is extinct, he can, on recovery to consciousness, ascend from the grave by the ladder, or if not able to ascend by said ladder, ring the bell, thereby giving an alarm and thus saving himself.”
In 1871, a patent was granted to Theodore Schroeder and Hermann Wuest, of Hoboken, N.J. for a “life detector for coffins”, which resembled a giant ear trumpet. The mechanism was simply a chain placed in the hand of the corpse, which, if pulled, would ring a bell and release a latch, causing a door to fall open, admitting air to the coffin and serving as a signal flag. An alternative mechanism in this patent substituted an electromagnet to actuate the latch trip and an electric bell to sound the alarm, requiring, of course, a charged battery to operate both.
The next grave signal to be patented was invented by Albert Fearnaught, of Indianapolis, in 1882. A rope tied around the wrist of the corpse, if tugged, would release a spring-loaded red flag at the surface to alert any bystander that the buried person wished to be disinterred.
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