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Depending on who you ask, it's either the best economic model ever devised, or it's an absolute perversion of economics. Either way, it's the richest village in China.
Essentially, Huaxi was classical communist village, with all property held in common. Many years ago, when industrialization began, the people of Huaxi decided that they didn't want their land taken by corporations, so they turned the entire village into a corporation and made all of the residents shareholders. They then attracted highly profitable companies to their land, using generous leases, which led to the area becoming a bit of an economic powerhouse. Those land leases generated a huge amount of ongoing profit, which is divided equally and split among the residents. The entire population went from living in dilapidated farmhouses and dirt floored peasant huts to living in beautiful modern townhouses in a matter of decades. They have some of the best schools in China, food and supplies in the stores are completely free for residents, and all healthcare is completely paid for by the town corporation.
It does, of course, have a darker side. In order to keep their shares from diluting, only residents in the original village can be shareholders, and even then only if they remain residents of the village. The few thousand original residents are very wealthy, but the tens of thousands of migrant workers who actually toil in those factories, who aren't allowed to live in the village and must commute in every day, get nothing.
There's no doubt that the formerly dirt-poor peasant residents of Huaxi hit on a brilliant formula for exploiting the capitalists and making money, but in doing so they've become a bit exploitative themselves. Whether the whole situation is good or bad is a matter of opinion.
FWIW, the BBC did a bit on this village a few years ago. If you can find the piece online, it's pretty eye opening. You end up simultaneously thrilled for the villagers and what they managed to pull off, and appalled at the conditions and treatment that the factory workers endure.
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