Please remember: if you legitimately owe the money, all of the below will slow them down but, in most cases, not absolve you of the debt.
1) know your state's collections laws, for example:
- are you in a garnishment state? (
http://www.bcsalliance.com/y_debt_statelaws_garnishments.html)
- what is the statue of limitations in your state? (
http://www.fair-debt-collection.com/SOL-by-State.html)
- what kind of assets can they attach (if any)? (Florida for example does not allow liens placed on real property)
2) know your rights and what a debt collector can and cannot do (
http://credit.about.com/od/debtcollection/tp/fdcpa-violations.htm) remember the FDCPA only applies to 3rd party debt collectors. a lender can pretty say or do anything (but most toe the line pretty well).
3) admit nothing, verbally or in writing. the only thing that you ask these schlubs for is proof of debt. If they respond to that (or you admit that the debt is yours - a bad thing), then demand copies of all payments made during the life of the loan so you can verify the current balance (this part will drive the bonkers - that is a slow and time consuming process to get that but it is your right to have). do it ALL in writing, no phone calls
4) draft up a "cease and desist" letter (template here:
http://credit.about.com/od/debtcollection/a/ceaseanddesist.htm) and send it certified mail with a return receipt AND regular 1st class mail (notate on the letter that you sent it both ways). This one won't stop them from suing you but it will/should stop any and all phone calls.
5) if you have the money offer them a settlement. Base your settlement offer on:
- how long ago you made the last payment (but pay close attention to the statute of limitations in your state (if you have a year or less to go to the statue date just ride it out)
- how many different collection agencies have had the debt (the more the better...for you)
* 1st agency (or 1-2 years since last payment), offer 60 - 65 cents on the dollar
* 2nd agency (or 2-3 years since last payment), offer 40 cents on the dollar
* 3rd + agency (or more than 1 year from statute) offer 10 cents on the dollar
If you do send an offer, also include some demands:
- require a letter releasing you from any liability for the debt
- ask them to remove the debt for your credit report (they may or may not agree to that)
If they counter, hold your ground...you have more power in the negotiations than you think (you have the cash and they want it)
remember tho: offering settlement will restart the statute of limitations clock (you have legally acknowledged the debt)
6) if you do get served for a lawsuit:
DO NOT ignore it. if you don't show up, the plaintiff will get everything they ask for. get a lawyer (call the local Bar and ask for a pro bono attorney to help defend) and defend yourself.
7) if all else fails and you have to go in front of the judge, ask for mediation vs an actual trial. the court prefers these as it doesn't tie up the court and if you offer mediation and the other side says no, the creditor will NOT score points with the judge.
the judge assigned to collections cases knows every collection agency in town: which ones are fair and honest, which ones are scumbags and if the scumbag refuses mediation the judge is going to be none too thrilled with that agency (so he might come down in your favor).
the reason for mediation is that in an actual court proceeding, you can get hit for everything (principle, interest, late fees, legal fees etc). in mediation, the mediator will work for something in the middle.
my experience? how do you know that I'm not full of it? For what its worth: I was a bank VP in "default management" (a nice way to say collections depart) and I managed 3 collections agencies over my 10 year career in this field. I have been there, done that and know where the system is vulnerable and where it is strong. i know why creditors in and why they lose.