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Related: Editorials & Other Articles, Issue Forums, Alliance Forums, Region ForumsFrances Perkins and the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
https://open.substack.com/pub/heathercoxrichardson/p/march-25-2023?r=28fgd&utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=emailBy Heather Cox Richardson
On March 25, 1911, Frances Perkins was visiting with a friend who lived near Washington Square in New York City when they heard fire engines and screams. They rushed out to the street to see what the trouble was. A fire had broken out in a garment factory on the upper floors of a building on Washington Square, and the blaze ripped through the lint in the air. The only way out was down the elevator, which had been abandoned at the base of its shaft, or through an exit to the roof. But the factory owner had locked the roof exit that day because, he later testified, he was worried some of his workers might steal some of the blouses they were making.
...Perkins had few illusions about industrial America: she had worked in a settlement house in an impoverished immigrant neighborhood in Chicago and was the head of the New York office of the National Consumers League, urging consumers to use their buying power to demand better conditions and wages for workers. But even she was shocked by the scene she witnessed on March 25....
She later explained that although their mission was to stop factory fires, we went on and kept expanding the function of the commission 'till it came to be the report on sanitary conditions and to provide for their removal and to report all kinds of unsafe conditions and then to report all kinds of human conditions that were unfavorable to the employees, including long hours, including low wages, including the labor of children, including the overwork of women, including homework put out by the factories to be taken home by the women. It included almost everything you could think of that had been in agitation for years. We were authorized to investigate and report and recommend action on all these subjects.
And they did. Al Smith was the speaker of the house when they published their report, and soon would become governor. Much of what the commission recommended became law.
jeffreyi
(1,939 posts)Events with the historical perspective. Recommended.
mcar
(42,323 posts)DFW
(54,372 posts)She was amazed, and a little chagrined, to learn that she was a direct descendant of the main lawyer for the defense (i.e. the factory owners), who was an immigrant from the Hapsburg Empire (part of today's Slovakia). He was my great-grandfather, and left a better legacy: his daughter--my grandmother--was a labor liason for Mayor Fiorello Laguardia. LaGuardia fired her for being too friendly with labor and not friendly enough with him. Out from under the yoke of the Republican LaGuardia, she became a major New York fundraiser for the mayor of Minneapolis. She had met him, and was very impressed, so she decided to work for his (ultimately successful) campaign to become a Senator from Minnesota. His name was Hubert Humphrey. She introduced Humphrey and his young protégé, Walter Mondale, to my dad who was starting out as a print journalist. They remained friends for the rest of their lives. I'm sure she knew Smith and Perkins, too, but I was too young at the time to understand who was doing what, and conversations about them would have gone right over my head at age 10.
mcar
(42,323 posts)DFW
(54,372 posts)My younger daughter is another.
Boomerproud
(7,952 posts)People do make a difference. Your sly inference about LaGuardia was eyebrow raising.
DFW
(54,372 posts)My grandmother knew him, the Mayor of New York, and he knew her well enough to want her to work for him. She apparently took her job more seriously than he intended.
malaise
(268,992 posts)brer cat
(24,564 posts)Thanks for posting.
edhopper
(33,576 posts)she was 99, and her mother survived the fire and went on the organize for the Union.
mcar
(42,323 posts)malaise
(268,992 posts)in countries like Bangladesh because profit.
mcar
(42,323 posts)Profit over all.
Hortensis
(58,785 posts)is believed to have caused the deaths of many millions, even hundreds of millions, including by state-facilitated starvation? I'm assuming it wasn't for profit.
If DeSantis were dictator of the United Socialist States of America, and people like Scott Walker and tRump in charge of the committees overseeing western states, would there be no atrocities and injustices against workers?
Authoritarian management styles are death on efficiency and typically do great harm to profit margins, including costing the best employees who go elsewhere -- I've witnessed this personally, but authoritarian types consider it necessary and worth it. And this is only one of many forms of human failing that lead to abuse of others, but I mention it because authoritarian structure and management are intrinsic to universalist socioeconomic systems that seek to do away with business profits.
malaise
(268,992 posts)Governments - democratic and authoritarian have no problem with slaughtering innocent people in the name of an ideological or economic agenda. Religious leaders also support the slaughter on innocents in the name of their religion's superiority.
You raise valid points but I was merely responding to a factory fire.
Hortensis
(58,785 posts)and abuse of very low-status women was supposed to be profit.
Whatever -- I've run across many people who abused people in subordinate positions just because they could. And not always for emotional gratification also. The low-pay staff on the Titanic who locked steerage passengers below decks come to mind. And whoever gave that order while fully understanding he was probably also going to drown.
Response to Hortensis (Reply #17)
malaise This message was self-deleted by its author.
DFW
(54,372 posts)One flies. The other does not.
Hortensis
(58,785 posts)ProfessorGAC
(65,014 posts)Did not know the story about Ms. Perkins
History is so cool.
Hortensis
(58,785 posts)is as impressive in its way. She's said, The New Deal was born March 25, 1911, the day she watched those workers leap to their death.
mcar
(42,323 posts)still pretty much 2nd class citizens!
Earth-shine
(4,005 posts)It's at the top of Bear Mtn in New York.
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d&q=perkins+tower
mcar
(42,323 posts)area51
(11,908 posts)mcar
(42,323 posts)Thanks
Tanuki
(14,918 posts)"Shirt
BY ROBERT PINSKY
The back, the yoke, the yardage. Lapped seams,
The nearly invisible stitches along the collar
Turned in a sweatshop by Koreans or Malaysians
Gossiping over tea and noodles on their break
Or talking money or politics while one fitted
This armpiece with its overseam to the band
Of cuff I button at my wrist. The presser, the cutter,
The wringer, the mangle. The needle, the union,
The treadle, the bobbin. The code. The infamous blaze
At the Triangle Factory in nineteen-eleven.
One hundred and forty-six died in the flames
On the ninth floor, no hydrants, no fire escapes
The witness in a building across the street
Who watched how a young man helped a girl to step
Up to the windowsill, then held her out
Away from the masonry wall and let her drop.
And then another. As if he were helping them up
To enter a streetcar, and not eternity.
A third before he dropped her put her arms
Around his neck and kissed him. Then he held
Her into space, and dropped her. Almost at once
He stepped to the sill himself, his jacket flared
And fluttered up from his shirt as he came down,
Air filling up the legs of his gray trousers
Like Hart Cranes Bedlamite, shrill shirt ballooning.
Wonderful how the pattern matches perfectly
Across the placket and over the twin bar-tacked
Corners of both pockets, like a strict rhyme
Or a major chord. Prints, plaids, checks,
Houndstooth, Tattersall, Madras. The clan tartans
Invented by mill-owners inspired by the hoax of Ossian,
To control their savage Scottish workers, tamed
By a fabricated heraldry: MacGregor,
Bailey, MacMartin. The kilt, devised for workers
To wear among the dusty clattering looms.
Weavers, carders, spinners. The loader,
The docker, the navvy. The planter, the picker, the sorter
Sweating at her machine in a litter of cotton
As slaves in calico headrags sweated in fields:
George Herbert, your descendant is a Black
Lady in South Carolina, her name is Irma
And she inspected my shirt. Its color and fit
And feel and its clean smell have satisfied
Both her and me. We have culled its cost and quality
Down to the buttons of simulated bone,
The buttonholes, the sizing, the facing, the characters
Printed in black on neckband and tail. The shape,
The label, the labor, the color, the shade. The shirt."
------------
Robert Pinsky, Shirt from The Want Bone. Copyright © 1990 by Robert Pinsky. Reprinted with the permission of HarperCollins Publishers Inc.
Source: The Figured Wheel: New and Collected Poems 1966-1996 (Farrar Straus and Giroux, 1996)