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Beacool

(30,247 posts)
Sun Nov 3, 2013, 11:22 PM Nov 2013

How Denmark Saved Its Jews From the Nazis

By Gerhard Spörl, SPIEGEL
November 3, 2013



Denmark was the only European country to save almost all of its Jewish residents from the Holocaust. After being tipped off about imminent roundups by prominent Nazis, resisters evacuated the country's 7,000 Jews to Sweden by boat. A new book examines this historical anomaly.

They left at night, thousands of Jewish families, setting out by car, bicycle, streetcar or train. They left the Danish cities they had long called home and fled to the countryside, which was unfamiliar to many of them. Along the way, they found shelter in the homes of friends or business partners, squatted in abandoned summer homes or spent the night with hospitable farmers. "We came across kind and good people, but they had no idea about what was happening at the time," writes Poul Hannover, one of the refugees, about those dark days in which humanity triumphed.

.........

Denmark in October 1943 was a small country with a big heart. It had been under Nazi occupation for three-and-a-half years. And although Denmark was too small to have defended itself militarily, it also refused to be subjugated by the Nazis. The Danes negotiated a privileged status that even enabled them to retain their own government. They assessed their options realistically, but they also set limits on how far they were willing to go to cooperate with the Germans.

.........

The Danes provided no assistance to the Nazis in their "Jewish campaign" in Denmark. They viewed the Jews as Danes and placed them under their protection, a story documented in "Countrymen," a new book by Danish author Bo Lidegaard. "The history of the rescue of the Danish Jews," writes Lidegaard, "is only a tiny part of the massive history of the Shoah. But it teaches us a lesson, because it is a story about the survival instinct, civil disobedience and the assistance provided by an entire people when, outraged and angry, it rebelled against the deportation of its fellow Danes."

http://abcnews.go.com/International/denmark-saved-jews-nazis/story?id=20750027

I had heard this story before, but it still moves me. It reminds me that in the depth of despair, when the darkness enfolding the world seemed to be at its worst, there was a ray of hope. The Danish did not bow to Nazi oppression and defended every single one of their Jewish citizens and refugees.

I have visited quite a few museums in various countries, but the Holocaust Museum in Washington affected me in a way that none of the others did. I am not Jewish, but the suffering of one people and the enormous cruelty and evil of another is something that the world should never forget, because to forget history is to repeat it.

This is a lesson that is as applicable today as it was in 1943. Never forget, and to quote Churchill, "Never, never, never give up."

23 replies = new reply since forum marked as read
Highlight: NoneDon't highlight anything 5 newestHighlight 5 most recent replies
How Denmark Saved Its Jews From the Nazis (Original Post) Beacool Nov 2013 OP
Recommended. (nt) NYC_SKP Nov 2013 #1
Thanks, sweets!!! Beacool Nov 2013 #2
K & R nt littlewolf Nov 2013 #3
K & R !!! WillyT Nov 2013 #4
here are some other heros that saved thousands. littlewolf Nov 2013 #5
Yes, there were other heroes. Beacool Nov 2013 #8
Even when it wasn't thousands, other important names.... Behind the Aegis Nov 2013 #11
Thank you for adding more stories. Beacool Nov 2013 #14
What I like about littlewolf's post and mine is that the heroics cross all lines. Behind the Aegis Nov 2013 #15
Yes, just as there are evil people in the world, Beacool Nov 2013 #17
Well said. JNelson6563 Nov 2013 #19
Thanks, Julie. Beacool Nov 2013 #20
K & R..... dhill926 Nov 2013 #6
Thank you. Beacool Nov 2013 #10
"They viewed the Jews as Danes..." Gormy Cuss Nov 2013 #7
That's precisely why thy were saved. Beacool Nov 2013 #13
I love stories like this. Denmark is now my new favorite country in Europe. Zorra Nov 2013 #9
Thank you. Behind the Aegis Nov 2013 #12
You're welcome. Beacool Nov 2013 #16
Mostly just ordinary people who risked their lives for strangers. mountain grammy Nov 2013 #18
I agree. Beacool Nov 2013 #21
The OP credits "prominent Nazis" but let us honor specifically Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz Jim Lane Nov 2013 #22
Thanks for adding more information to this thread. Beacool Nov 2013 #23

littlewolf

(3,813 posts)
5. here are some other heros that saved thousands.
Sun Nov 3, 2013, 11:47 PM
Nov 2013

Chiune Sugihara,
the Japanese Consul-General in Kaunas, Lithuania, issued thousands of visas to Jews fleeing Nazi occupied Poland in accordance with Japanese policy.[1] The last diplomat to leave Kaunas, Sugihara continued stamping visas from the open window of his departing train.

Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg and his colleagues saved as many as 100,000 Hungarian Jews by providing them with diplomatic passes.

Aristides de Sousa Mendes, between June 16 and 23, 1940, frantically issued Portuguese visas, free of charge, to over 30,000 refugees seeking to escape the Nazi terror.

Dimitar Peshev, Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Bulgaria and Minister of Justice during World War II. He rebelled against the pro-Nazi cabinet and prevented the Deportation of Bulgaria's 48,000 Jews.

these names and others continue to give me hope.

Beacool

(30,247 posts)
8. Yes, there were other heroes.
Mon Nov 4, 2013, 12:36 AM
Nov 2013

What is remarkable about Denmark is that it saved almost all of its Jews. The first time I heard about what Denmark did and other stories of similar courage and sacrifice was at the Holocaust Museum. It's top floor is dedicated to the liberation of the camps and the aftermath of the Holocaust.

"A recurring theme is the issue of individual responsibility toward fellow human beings in danger. Thousands of courageous non-Jews risked death or imprisonment to save their Jewish neighbors, and others—Jews and non-Jews—joined in the underground war against the Nazis. Still others joined the killers, becoming perpetrators or enablers of genocide. The vast majority of Europeans, however, were bystanders who did little to deter the Nazis or to aid Jews or other victims of Nazi persecution. Highlights of this floor include the activities of French villagers in Le Chambon-sur-Lignon and the surrounding region to hide Jews, the Danish rescue of some 7,000 Jews, and the actions of the American War Refugee Board and Raoul Wallenberg to save Jews in occupied Europe."

http://www.ushmm.org/information/exhibitions/permanent/floor-2

One of the stories that I read on that floor that stuck with me was the one about a very beautiful young woman who worked as the housekeeper of a Nazi officer. She had the courage to hide several Jewish people in the officer's own home. Eventually he found out and gave her a choice, to become his lover or he would send these people to the camps. She sacrificed herself by becoming his lover and thus saved the family. It's the kind of story that operas are made of; I don't know if I could have had the courage to do what she did.

Behind the Aegis

(53,956 posts)
11. Even when it wasn't thousands, other important names....
Mon Nov 4, 2013, 12:49 AM
Nov 2013
Gilbert and Eleanor Kraus, a Jewish couple from Philadelphia who followed their conscience, traveling to Nazi-controlled Vienna in spring 1939 to save a group of children.

http://www.democraticunderground.com/1223719


During one of humanity’s darkest chapters, when millions of Jews, gays, communists and racial minorities were rounded up across Europe, many Albanians put up a fight to save complete strangers.

http://www.democraticunderground.com/1223334


Dr. Mohamed Helmy is the first Arab to be honored in the 50-year span of the project, which has recognized 24,911 individuals from 44 countries.

http://www.democraticunderground.com/1014608528


Irena Sendler: Polish Woman Who Saved 2,500 Jewish Children Gets Walkway Named For Her

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/15/irena-sendler-poland-jews_n_3280035.html


Feng-Shan Ho was a Chinese diplomat who saved approximately 2,000 Jews during the early years of World War II. Ho was consul-general of the Chinese embassy in Vienna during the Austrian annexation.

There is a list of other saviors, including some already mentioned by you or me, at this site: http://listverse.com/2008/11/06/10-people-who-saved-jews-during-world-war-two/


Beacool

(30,247 posts)
14. Thank you for adding more stories.
Mon Nov 4, 2013, 12:54 AM
Nov 2013

When I despair about the world, I think of all those who have redeemed humanity by their selfless acts.

Behind the Aegis

(53,956 posts)
15. What I like about littlewolf's post and mine is that the heroics cross all lines.
Mon Nov 4, 2013, 01:00 AM
Nov 2013

Culture, religion, location, nationality, sex, and other things all fell to the wayside to do the right thing and save humanity.

Beacool

(30,247 posts)
17. Yes, just as there are evil people in the world,
Mon Nov 4, 2013, 01:10 AM
Nov 2013

there are many others who will stand against oppression and who in some cases will pay with their own lives to rectify a wrong. Just as these heroes did during WWII.



Beacool

(30,247 posts)
10. Thank you.
Mon Nov 4, 2013, 12:42 AM
Nov 2013

I was reading the other night about this place in Chicago that I was unaware existed: SelfHelp Home, Chicago Retirement Facility, Houses World's Last Generation Of Holocaust Survivors.

There are only a handful of survivors left and their stories need to be told and remembered by humanity. Similar holocausts continue to be committed in various lands.

Here's the story of SelfHelp

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/03/selfhelp-home-chicago_n_4208373.html?utm_hp_ref=chicago

Gormy Cuss

(30,884 posts)
7. "They viewed the Jews as Danes..."
Mon Nov 4, 2013, 12:19 AM
Nov 2013

There's the important criterion. The Jews weren't others, or foreigners who wouldn't assimilate, or illegal immigrants, etc. They were Danes.

Beacool

(30,247 posts)
13. That's precisely why thy were saved.
Mon Nov 4, 2013, 12:51 AM
Nov 2013

They weren't viewed as foreign or alien, they were their friends and neighbors. Therefore, they had to be protected and saved. The whole country was into the effort, from the king down. Remarkable valor, considering what was at stake. The Nazis killed all collaborators.

Zorra

(27,670 posts)
9. I love stories like this. Denmark is now my new favorite country in Europe.
Mon Nov 4, 2013, 12:41 AM
Nov 2013

I can't wait to read that book.

Behind the Aegis

(53,956 posts)
12. Thank you.
Mon Nov 4, 2013, 12:51 AM
Nov 2013

It was nice to see Jews to be recognized as citizens and not "an other." If it happened then, then should an event like the Holocaust happen again, I would hope we see a Danish response.

Beacool

(30,247 posts)
16. You're welcome.
Mon Nov 4, 2013, 01:06 AM
Nov 2013

What happened in Europe in the 30s and 40s is a blotch on humanity and every person should learn about it to avoid repeating it. Some years ago I attended a New Year's party at someone's home. One of the people there was an elderly woman, I was chatting with her when at one point I noticed a tattoo on her forearm. At first I was shocked, but then I asked her if it was what I thought it was. She said yes, that she had been sent to a concentration camp. The lady told me that she was a teenager when they were sent to the camps. She lost her family, eventually moving to the US and marrying another survivor. That incident made a huge impact on me. I started reading about the advent of Nazism and the war. What I found very sad was how many people turned a blind eye and ignored what was being done to a large segment of their own countrymen, women and children.

mountain grammy

(26,620 posts)
18. Mostly just ordinary people who risked their lives for strangers.
Mon Nov 4, 2013, 01:48 AM
Nov 2013

How sad that so many lived out the rest of their own lives in poverty and obscurity. It's gratifying to see these extraordinary human beings recognized so we can all sit in awe, and wonder; what would we do?

Beacool

(30,247 posts)
21. I agree.
Mon Nov 4, 2013, 12:38 PM
Nov 2013

The majority of these people died in obscurity. They helped their fellow countrymen out of a sense of decency and outrage of what the Nazis were doing. I bet that, like most heroes, they didn't view themselves as such. I'm glad that they are now being recognized. I would like to read the book.

 

Jim Lane

(11,175 posts)
22. The OP credits "prominent Nazis" but let us honor specifically Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz
Mon Nov 4, 2013, 03:27 PM
Nov 2013

From his Wikipedia bio:

Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz (September 29, 1904, Bremen – February 16, 1973) was an attache for Nazi Germany who warned the Danish Jews about their intended deportation during the German Second World War occupation of Denmark in 1943. It is estimated that he prevented the deportation of 95% of Denmark's Jews in the resulting rescue of the Danish Jews.


Wikipedia also has a comprehensive account of the whole episode at "Rescue of the Danish Jews".

I first heard of Duckwitz because he's named in an amazing song by Fred Small, "Denmark 1943" (lyrics here), on his album I Will Stand Fast.

Beacool

(30,247 posts)
23. Thanks for adding more information to this thread.
Mon Nov 4, 2013, 10:00 PM
Nov 2013

It's good to know that not all Germans at the time were in agreement with Hitler's "Final Solution". This man saved many with his warning. I had never heard of that song, it basically tells the whole story of the rescue of the Jewish Danes.

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