Welcome to DU! The truly grassroots left-of-center political community where regular people, not algorithms, drive the discussions and set the standards. Join the community: Create a free account Support DU (and get rid of ads!): Become a Star Member Latest Breaking News General Discussion The DU Lounge All Forums Issue Forums Culture Forums Alliance Forums Region Forums Support Forums Help & Search
 

TheMastersNemesis

(10,602 posts)
Tue Jan 12, 2016, 02:47 AM Jan 2016

When George Wallace Bucked The Feds. Kennedy Took Over The Natl. Guard.

During the civil rights movement and George Wallace defied the federal law Kennedy took over the National Guard and sent them to force integration. They also sent the Attorney General to confront him in front of the school.

That action is why Kennedy was so hated in the South. And it probably got him assassinated. He was hated in Texas. I was 19 in 1963. And the Warren Commission was a white wash as far as I am concerned. Oswald was not the only assassin. I was watching live TV when Oswald got shot. He had to know more.


7 replies = new reply since forum marked as read
Highlight: NoneDon't highlight anything 5 newestHighlight 5 most recent replies

LTG

(216 posts)
1. This was actually the second time President Kennedy used the National Guard enforcing desegregation
Tue Jan 12, 2016, 08:50 AM
Jan 2016

The previous year, 1962, Kennedy federalized the Mississippi National Guard to enforce the desegregation of the University of Mississippi. He called up 16,000 troops and placed the entire town of Oxford under military control.

The next year in Alabama he federalized 18,000 troops, but only 100 were actually used. Attorney General Robert Kennedy had been sent, by his brother the President, to negotiate with Wallace, but this attempt failed. When later Wallace "stood in the schoolhouse door" President Kennedy issued a Presidential Proclamation ordering the Governor to comply and an Executive Order authorizing the Secretary of Defense to call up the Alabama National Guard to Federal service. Deputy Attorney General Katzenbach faced Wallace in the "schoolhouse door" and Wallace backed down.

This was the third time troops had been used to enforce desegregation orders. The first was in 1957 in Little Rock Arkansas. After rioting broke out over the desegregation of Central High School President Eisenhower called the Arkansas Guard to federal service and sent 1,000 troops from the 101st Airborne Division to keep order, enforce the orders of the Federal Courts and protect the African American students.

President Kennedy certainly made many enemies with the use of state troops to enforce desegregation in their own states. But, he most certainly fanned the flames into an inferno when, a short time after the Alabama incident, he went on the radio to start his public campaign for comprehensive civil rights legislation. This was followed by an extensive lobbying of Senators, Congressmen, Mayors, union leaders and others in support of the legislation.

Nuclear Unicorn

(19,497 posts)
2. Kennedy was assassinated by a communist and he didn't use the NG; he had federal troops at the ready
Tue Jan 12, 2016, 10:34 AM
Jan 2016
In 1963, President John F. Kennedy's administration ordered the U.S. Army's 2nd Infantry Division from Ft. Benning, Georgia to be prepared to enforce the racial integration of the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. In a vain attempt to halt the enrollment of black students Vivian Malone and James Hood, Governor Wallace stood in front of Foster Auditorium at the University of Alabama on June 11, 1963. This became known as the "Stand in the Schoolhouse Door". (Some of this display was arranged for the public; Federal officials had been in touch with Wallace to arrange some of the events.)[17]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Wallace#Segregation

LTG

(216 posts)
3. Both are actually true
Tue Jan 12, 2016, 04:28 PM
Jan 2016

"On June 11, Malone and Hood arrived to register. Wallace, attempting to uphold his promise as well as for political show,[4] blocked the entrance to Foster Auditorium with the media watching. Then, flanked by federal marshals, Deputy Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach told Wallace to step aside.[1][5] However, Wallace cut Katzenbach off and refused, giving a speech on States' rights.[4] Katzenbach called President John F. Kennedy, who federalized the Alabama National Guard. Guard General Henry Graham then commanded Wallace to step aside, saying, "Sir, it is my sad duty to ask you to step aside under the orders of the President of the United States." Wallace then spoke further, but eventually moved, and Malone and Hood registered as students.[6]"

[link:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand_in_the_Schoolhouse_Door]

Kennedy ordered the 2nd Infantry Division to prepare for their use in Alabama. He also had the Defense Department to call up the Alabama National Guard to federal service and ordered the Guard's commanding General to order Wallace to step aside.

Eisenhower and Kennedy's putting the state Guards under Federal control prevented the governors from using them in a possible standoff with regular U.S. Army troops.

book_worm

(15,951 posts)
4. Yes, Assistant Attorney General Katzenbach met Wallace at the school house door
Tue Jan 12, 2016, 04:43 PM
Jan 2016


To his credit Ike also sent in troops in 1957 in Little Rock, Arkansas.

book_worm

(15,951 posts)
5. The first two years of his administration JFK was considered by many Civil Rights activists
Tue Jan 12, 2016, 04:47 PM
Jan 2016

as being slow on Civil Rights because he didn't want to upset the Southern Chairman of the House and Senate who told him they would block other administration legislation. However, by 1963 events forced Kennedy to become more proactive. After his assassination LBJ pushed the Civil Rights Bill (which was stalled under JFK) and later the Voting Rights Act of 1965 thru Congress.

 

Bluenorthwest

(45,319 posts)
6. Of course that has zip to do with current events which don't involve a Governor defying the law
Tue Jan 12, 2016, 04:56 PM
Jan 2016

just a bunch of hooligans. Currently it is the administration that is not acting and the Governor could not send the NG into a scene under Federal control.

Octafish

(55,745 posts)
7. Abraham Bolden gets no mention in the history books for that very reason.
Tue Jan 12, 2016, 11:13 PM
Jan 2016

Former U.S. Secret Service Agent Abraham BOLDEN was the first African American Secret Service agent to serve in the White House detail. He was literally hand-picked by President John F. Kennedy. Agent Abraham Bolden reported overt racism by his fellow agents and outright hostility toward the "n... loving president," quoting fellow Secret Service agents on the JFK detail.

In addition to enduring all manner of personal indignities, he was concerned at the lack of professionalism in those assigned to protect the president and reported his concerns. He was told, "OK. Thanks" by his superiors. When the problems weren't addressed, Bolden requested transfer back to the Secret Service office in Chicago.



Abraham Bolden speaks at JFK Lancer.



The story of a man who told the truth:



After 45 Years, a Civil Rights Hero Waits for Justice

Thom Hartmann
June 12, 2009 11:52 AM

A great miscarriage of justice has kept most Americas from learning about a Civil Rights pioneer who worked with President John F. Kennedy. But there is finally a way for citizens to not only right that wrong, but bring closure to the most tragic chapter of American presidential history.

After an outstanding career in law enforcement, Abraham Bolden was appointed by JFK to be the first African American presidential Secret Service agent, where he served with distinction. He was part of the Secret Service effort that prevented JFK's assassination in Chicago, three weeks before Dallas. But Bolden was framed by the Mafia and arrested on the very day he went to Washington to tell the Warren Commission staff about the Chicago attempt against JFK.

Bolden was sentenced to six years in prison, despite glaring problems with his prosecution. His arrest resulted from accusations by two criminals Bolden had sent to prison. In Bolden's first trial, an apparently biased judge told the jury that Bolden was guilty, even before they began their deliberations. Though granted a new trial because of that, the same problematic judge was assigned to oversee Bolden's second trial, which resulted in his conviction. Later, the main witness against Bolden admitted committing perjury against him. A key member of the prosecution even took the fifth when asked about the perjury. Yet Bolden's appeals were denied, and he had to serve hard time in prison, and today is considered a convicted felon.

After the release of four million pages of JFK assassination files in the 1990s, it became clear that Bolden -- and the official secrecy surrounding the Chicago attempt against JFK -- were due to National Security concerns about Cuba, that were unknown to Bolden, the press, Congress, and the public not just in 1963, but for the next four decades.

SNIP...

Abraham Bolden paid a heavy price for trying to tell the truth about events involving the man he was sworn to protect -- JFK -- that became mired in National Security concerns. Bolden still lives in Chicago, and has never given up trying to clear his name.

Will Abraham Bolden live to finally see the justice so long denied to him?

CONTINUED...

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/thom-hartmann/after-45-years-a-civil-ri_b_213834.html



After the assassination, he went to Washington on his own dime and reported what he saw to the Warren Commission. For his trouble -- and despite an exemplary record as a Brinks detective, Illinois State Trooper, and Secret Service agent -- Bolden was framed by the government using a paid informant's admitted perjury and spent a long time in prison. The government also drugged him and put him into psychiatric hospitals.His real crime was telling the truth.

Americans know the Truth: the country hasn't been the same since Nov. 22, 1963. President Kennedy kept the nation out of Vietnam and started toward the moon. Imagine what the New Frontier could have become for us today? Certainly would not be a time where "money trumps peace."

Thank you for standing up for Justice, TheMastersNemesis. Without your testimony, the traitors will continue to make and write history.
Latest Discussions»General Discussion»When George Wallace Bucke...