Religion
Related: About this forumHeaven is for neuroscience: How the brain creates visions of God
http://www.salon.com/2014/05/11/heaven_is_for_neuroscience_how_the_brain_creates_visions_of_god/SUNDAY, MAY 11, 2014 01:30 PM CDT
Major figures like Joan of Arc and Dostoyevsky claimed supernatural visions. Why their brains could hold the answer
SAM KEAN
Eugene Thirion's "Jeanne dArc" (1876)
Excerpted from The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons: The History of the Human Brain as Revealed by True Stories of Trauma, Madness, and Recovery.
For most of recorded history, human beings situated the mind and by extension the soul not within the brain but within the heart. When preparing mummies for the afterlife, for instance, ancient Egyptian priests removed the heart in one piece and preserved it in a ceremonial jar; in contrast, they scraped out the brain through the nostrils with iron hooks, tossed it aside for animals, and filled the empty skull with sawdust or resin. (This wasnt a snarky commentary on their politicians, eitherthey considered everyones brain useless.) Most Greek thinkers also elevated the heart to the bodys summa. Aristotle pointed out that the heart had thick vessels to shunt messages around, whereas the brain had wispy, effete wires. The heart furthermore sat in the bodys center, appropriate for a commander, while the brain sat in exile up top. The heart developed first in embryos, and it responded in sync with our emotions, pounding faster or slower, while the brain just sort of sat there. Ergo, the heart must house our highest faculties.
Meanwhile, though, some physicians had always had a different perspective on where the mind came from. Theyd simply seen too many patients get beaned in the head and lose some higher faculty to think it all a coincidence. Doctors therefore began to promote a brain-centric view of human nature. And despite some heated debates over the centuriesespecially about whether the brain had specialized regions or notby the 1600s most learned men had enthroned the mind within the brain. A few brave scientists even began to search for that anatomical El Dorado: the exact seat of the soul within the brain.
One such explorer was Swedish philosopher Emanuel Swedenborg, one of the oddest ducks to ever waddle across the stage of history. Swedenborgs family had made a fortune in mining in the late 1600s, and although he was raised in a pious household his father wrote hymns for his daily bread and later became a bishop Swedenborg devoted his life to physics, astronomy, and geology. He was the first person to suggest that the solar system formed when a giant cloud of space dust collapsed in upon itself, and much like Leonardo he sketched out plans for airplanes, submarines, and machine guns in his diaries. Contemporaries called him the Swedish Aristotle.
In the 1730s, just after turning forty, Swedenborg took up neuroanatomy. Instead of actually dissecting brains, though, he got himself a comfy armchair and began leafing through a mountain of books. Based solely on this inquiry, he developed some remarkably prescient ideas. His theory about the brain containing millions of small, independent bits connected by fibers anticipated the neuron doctrine; he correctly deduced that the corpus callosum allows the left and right hemispheres to communicate; and he determined that the pituitary gland serves as a chymical laboratory. In each case Swedenborg claimed that hed merely drawn some obvious conclusions from other peoples research. In reality, he radically reinterpreted the neuroscience of the time, and most everyone he cited would have condemned him as a luna- and/or heretic.
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AtheistCrusader
(33,982 posts)"predispose us to feeling a little spiritual. Its just a feature of our brains (Richard Dawkins excepted, perhaps)."
Cheap shot at Dawkins aside, it's more common than you (the author) think.
cbayer
(146,218 posts)Are you saying that it's more common than the author thinks for people not to have experiences they recognize as sacred or predispose them to feeling a little spiritual?
AtheistCrusader
(33,982 posts)You got it.
cbayer
(146,218 posts)What do you think is the difference between those that do and those that don't?
AtheistCrusader
(33,982 posts)Oh, to add more detail on the 'cheap shot' bit, listen to Dawkins explain his feelings about the title march from Aida, sounds like what people commonly describe as 'spiritual' to me.
It's possible that I feel things in ways that others describe as 'spiritual', and I simply don't view that emotion the same way. Without access to the interior contents of another person's head under test conditions, I can't really know. It sounds subjective, and that usage (spiritual) is not how I would choose to describe things.
cbayer
(146,218 posts)necessary.
I would bet that Dawkins is one of those people who does indeed experience something akin to spiritual under certain circumstances.
I've met very few people who haven't.
Warren Stupidity
(48,181 posts)I can stand outside at night and stare up at the clear skies and feel awe without any imaginings of sky beings or spirits. It is probably the same emotional impulse, but in some it gets remembered or experienced as "religious" and in others not at all.
AtheistCrusader
(33,982 posts)Awe/wonder.
But to me, those conditions are JUST awe/wonder.
Sometimes I wonder if I am missing some component that others experience. Even 'secular' people of one flavor or another. I don't think so, but I don't know how I can know for certain.
Warren Stupidity
(48,181 posts)these experiences as religious.
hrmjustin
(71,265 posts)into near death experiences.
WhiteTara
(29,706 posts)continuation of what has gone before. Energy doesn't dies, it simply changes.
hrmjustin
(71,265 posts)I think it is a physical place as well.
Silent3
(15,210 posts)...to be found in "energy doesn't die" for an afterlife or any afterlife-like continuation of your thoughts, memories, or sense of self.